Editing Hubal (section)

==Modern usage==
===Among Islamists===
Islamists have invoked the figure of Hubal in the ideological struggles of the post-Cold War era. In Islam, Hubal has been used as a symbol of modern forms of "idol worship". According to Adnan A. Musallam, this can be traced to one of the founders of radical Islamism, [[Sayyid Qutb]], who used the label to attack secular rulers such as [[Nasser]], seen as creating "idols" based on un-Islamic Western and Marxist ideologies. In 2001, [[Osama bin Laden]] called America the modern Hubal. He referred to allies of America as "hypocrites" who "all stood behind the head of global unbelief, the Hubal of the modern age, America and its supporters".<ref>Bruce Lawrence (ed), ''Messages to the world: the statements of Osama Bin Laden'', Verso, 2005, p.105.</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 7, 2005|author=Michael Burleigh|publisher=[[Evening Standard]] (London)|title=A murderous message}}</ref> [[Al Qaeda]]'s then number two, [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], repeated the phrase (''hubal al-'asr'') in describing America during his November 2008 message following [[Barack Obama]]'s election to the presidency.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 19, 2008|publisher=[[Fox News]]|title=Transcript: English translation of Zawahiri message}}</ref> The analogy may have been passed on to Bin Laden by one of his teachers, [[Abdullah Yusuf Azzam|Abdullah Azzam]].<ref>Adnan A. Musallam, ''From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism'', Praeger. 2005. Pp. xiii, 261. Reviewed by Bruce B. Lawrence in ''American Historical Review'', Vol 3, no 3, June 2006.</ref>

===Among Christian evangelicals===
Christian evangelicals have invoked Hubal by claiming that the worship of Allah as proclaimed by Muhammad was not a restoration of Abrahamic monotheism, but an adaptation of the worship of Hubal. [[Robert Morey (pastor)|Robert Morey]]'s 1994 book ''Moon-god in the Archeology of the Middle East'' revives Hugo Winckler's identification of Hubal as a moon god, and claims that worship of Allah evolved from that of Hubal, thus making [[Allah as a lunar deity|Allah a "moon god"]] too.<ref>''The moon-god Allah in the archeology of the Middle East''. Newport, Pennsylvania: Research and Education Foundation, 1994</ref> This view is repeated in the [[Chick tract]]s "Allah Had No Son" and "The Little Bride", and has been widely circulated in evangelical and anti-Islamic literature in the United States. In 1996, [[Janet Parshall]] asserted that Muslims worship a moon god in syndicated radio broadcasts.<ref>Jack G. Shaheen, ''Arab and Muslim Stereotyping in American Popular Culture'', Centre For Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University Occasional Papers, p. 8.</ref>  In 2003 [[Pat Robertson]] stated, "The struggle is whether Hubal, the Moon God of Mecca, known as Allah, is supreme, or whether the Judeo-Christian Jehovah God of the Bible is Supreme."<ref>Donald E. Schmidt, ''The folly of war: American foreign policy, 1898–2005'', Algora, 2005, p.347.</ref>

[[Farzana Hassan]] sees these claims as an extension of longstanding Christian evangelical beliefs that Islam is "pagan" and that Muhammad was an impostor and deceiver.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.georgetown.edu/sfs/docs/Jack_J_Shaheen_Arab_and_Muslim_Stereotyping_in_American_Popular_Culture_1997.pdf |title=Arab and Muslim Stereotyping in American Popular Culture |access-date=2012-01-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324053202/http://www12.georgetown.edu/sfs/docs/Jack_J_Shaheen_Arab_and_Muslim_Stereotyping_in_American_Popular_Culture_1997.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-24 }}</ref><ref name = "lori">Lori Peek, ''Behind the Backlash: Muslim Americans After 9/11'', Temple University Press, 2010. p.46.</ref>