Editing Hulk (section)

==Characterization==
===Fictional character biography===
[[File:Hulk (Marvel Comics character).png|thumb|upright|Hulk, as he appeared on a pin-up from the comic book issue ''Fantastic Four Annual'' #1 (July 1963). Art by the character's co-creator Jack Kirby.]]
Robert Bruce Banner's psyche was profoundly affected by his troubled childhood, in which his father, [[Brian Banner]], regarded him as a monster due to his seemingly unnatural intellect from a young age.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Mantlo, Bill |penciller=Mignola, Mike |inker=Talaoc, Gerry |story=Monster |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=2 |issue=312 |date=October 1985}}</ref> These experiences caused Bruce to develop a [[dissociative identity disorder]] and repress his negative emotions as a coping mechanism. After Brian killed Bruce's mother in a fit of rage,<ref name="Hulk377">{{cite comic |writer=David, Peter |penciller=Keown, Dale |inker=McLeod, Bob |story=Honey, I Shrunk the Hulk |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=2 |issue=377 |date=January 1991}}</ref> Bruce lived with several relatives up until his high school years, when his intelligence caught the attention of the [[United States Army]].<ref>{{cite comic |writer=David, Peter |penciller=[[Lee Weeks|Weeks, Lee]] |inker=[[Tom Palmer (comics)|Palmer, Tom]] |story=Tempest Fugit Conclusion |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=3 |issue=81 |date=July 2005}}</ref> Banner was recruited to develop nuclear weapons under the authority of [[Thunderbolt Ross|General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross]], and soon developed a relationship with the General's daughter [[Betty Ross]].<ref name="Hulk1">{{cite comic |writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] |penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] |inker=[[Paul Reinman|Reinman, Paul]] |story=The Hulk |title=The Incredible Hulk |issue=1 |date=May 1962 |page=8}}</ref>

During the experimental detonation of a gamma bomb, Banner saves teenager [[Rick Jones (character)|Rick Jones]], who was dared onto the testing field; Banner pushes Jones into a trench to save him, but is hit with the blast, absorbing massive amounts of gamma radiation. He awakens later seemingly unscathed, but he begins transforming into a powerful and destructive creature upon nightfall, which a pursuing soldier describes as a "hulk".<ref name="Hulk1"/> Banner's attempts to cure himself of these transformations alter their conditions, causing Banner to transform as a response to rage or fear.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Lee, Stan |penciller=[[Steve Ditko|Ditko, Steve]] |inker=[[George Roussos|Roussos, George]] |story=The Incredible Hulk |title=[[Tales to Astonish]] |issue=60 |date=October 1964}}</ref> The Hulk is a founding member of the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]],<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Lee, Stan |penciller=Kirby, Jack |inker=Ayers, Dick |story=The Coming of the Avengers! |title=[[The Avengers (comic book)|The Avengers]] |issue=1 |date=September 1963}}</ref> but quickly leaves the group due to their distrust of him.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Lee, Stan |penciller=Kirby, Jack |inker=Reinman, Paul |story=The Avengers Battle... the Space Phantom |title=[[The Avengers (comic book)|The Avengers]] |issue=2 |date=November 1963}}</ref> Banner maintains the secret of his dual identity with Rick's aid, but Rick reveals his secret following his assumed death to Major [[Glenn Talbot]] who subsequently informed his superiors, forcing Banner to become a fugitive upon returning from the future where he was actually thrown to.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Lee, Stan |penciller=Colan, Gene |inker=Colletta, Vince |story=Bruce Banner is the Hulk! |title=Tales to Astonish |volume=1 |issue=77 |date=March 1966}}</ref>

Psychiatrist [[Doc Samson]] captures the Hulk and manages to physically separate Banner and the Hulk,<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Byrne, John|penciller= Byrne, John|inker= Byrne, John; Williams, Keith|story= Freedom!|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 315|date= January 1986}}</ref> allowing Banner to marry Betty.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[John Byrne (comics)|Byrne, John]] |penciller=Byrne, John |inker=Byrne, John; [[Keith Williams (comics)|Williams, Keith]] |story=Member of the Wedding |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=2 |issue=319 |date=May 1986}}</ref> However, Banner and the Hulk's molecular structure destabilized and threatened to kill them, requiring Samson to reunite them with the aid of [[Vision (Marvel Comics)|Vision]].<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Al Milgrom|Milgrom, Al]] |penciller=Milgrom, Al |inker=Barras, Dell; Bulanadi, Danny |story=Certain Intangibles |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=2 |issue=323 |date=September 1986}}</ref> Samson is later able to merge elements of Banner's fractured psyche to create Professor Hulk, an intelligent but egocentric variation of the Hulk.<ref name="Hulk377"/> Professor Hulk soon becomes a key member of the [[Pantheon (Marvel Comics)|Pantheon]], a secretive organization of superpowered individuals.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=David, Peter |penciller=Keown, Dale |inker=Farmer, Mark |story=Moving On |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=2 |issue=382 |date=June 1991}}</ref><ref>Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 253: "The Hulk first met Agamemnon, the leader of the Pantheon team, in a story written by Peter David with art by Dale Keown."</ref> His tenure with the organization brings him into conflict with a tyrannical alternate future version of himself called the [[Maestro (character)|Maestro]], who rules over a world where many heroes are dead.<ref name="Imperfect">{{cite comic |writer=David, Peter |penciller=Perez, George |inker=Perez, George |story=Future Imperfect, Part 2 |title=Hulk: Future Imperfect |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=January 1993}}</ref> The Professor Hulk construct ultimately proves unstable, and Banner's psyche eventually splinters once more.

In "[[Planet Hulk]]", the [[Illuminati (comics)|Illuminati]] decide the Hulk is too dangerous to remain on Earth and send him away by rocket ship which crashes on Planet Sakaar. The Hulk finds allies in the [[Warbound]] and marries alien queen [[Caiera]], a relationship that bears him two sons: [[Skaar (character)|Skaar]] and [[Hiro-Kala]].<ref>''Incredible Hulk'' Vol. 3 #92-104. Marvel Comics.</ref> After the Illuminati's ship explodes and kills Caiera, the Hulk returns to Earth with his superhero group Warbound and declares war on the planet in "[[World War Hulk]]".<ref>''Incredible Hulk'' Vol. 3 #105. Marvel Comics.</ref> However, after learning that [[Miek]], one of the Warbound, had actually been responsible for the destruction, the Hulk allows himself to be defeated, with Banner subsequently redeeming himself as a hero as he works with and against the new Red Hulk to defeat the new supervillain team the Intelligencia.<ref>''World War Hulk'' #5. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Later, the Hulk turns to [[Doctor Doom]] to separate himself and Banner, with Doom surgically extracting the elements of the Hulk's brain uniquely belonging to Banner and inserting them into a clone body.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=[[Jason Aaron|Aaron, Jason]] |penciller=[[Whilce Portacio|Portacio, Whilce]] |inker=Martinez, Allen; Ketcham, Rick; Hanna, Scott |story=Hulk vs. Banner! Chapter Two: There Will Be Doom |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=4 |issue=5 |date=April 2012 |publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> Banner eventually re-combines with the Hulk when his cloned body is destroyed in an attempt to recreate his original transformation.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Aaron, Jason |penciller=[[Dalibor Talajić|Talajić, Dalibor]] |inker=Talajić, Dalibor |story=The Search for the City of Sasquatches |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=4 |issue=11 |date=September 2012 |publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> Following this, Bruce willingly joins the spy organization [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]], allowing them to use the Hulk as a weapon in exchange for providing him with the means and funding to create a lasting legacy for himself.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Mark Waid|Waid, Mark]]|penciller= [[Leinil Francis Yu|Yu, Leinil Francis]]|inker= [[Gerry Alanguilan|Alanguilan, Gerry]]|story= Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.|title= Indestructible Hulk|issue= 1|date= January 2013|publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> When Banner is shot in the head by an assassin, Tony Stark saves him with a variant of the [[Extremis]] virus.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Waid, Mark |penciller=[[Mark Bagley|Bagley, Mark]] |inker=Hennessy, Andrew |story=Who Shot the Hulk #4 |title=Hulk |volume=3 |issue=4 |date=August 2014 |publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> This procedure creates a new intelligent persona named Doc Green, who concludes that the world is in danger by Gamma Mutates{{efn|name=mutate}} and thus need to be depowered. He creates a cure and depowers A-Bomb (Rick Jones), Skaar, and Red Hulk. Eventually, Doc Green's intellect fades and his normal Hulk form is restored.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Duggan, Gerry|penciller= Bagley, Mark|inker= Hennessy, Andrew|story= The Omega Hulk Chapter Twelve|title= Hulk|volume= 3|issue= 16|date= July 2015|publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref>

When the vision of the Inhuman [[Ulysses (comics)|Ulysses]] shows a rampaging Hulk standing over the corpses of many superheroes,<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Bendis, Brian Michael |artist=Marquez, David |story=How we looking, Friday? |title=Civil War II |issue=2 |date=August 2016 |publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> Banner gives [[Hawkeye (Clint Barton)|Hawkeye]] special arrows capable of killing him during a transformation, which Hawkeye accomplishes.<ref>{{cite comic |writer=Bendis, Brian Michael |artist=Marquez, David; Coipel, Olivier |story=Mister Murdock, call your first witness |title=Civil War II |issue=3 |date=September 2016 |publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> The Hulk was first revived by the [[The Hand (comics)|Hand]],<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Duggan, Gerry|penciller= Larraz, Pepe|inker= Larraz, Pepe|story= The Rebound|title= Uncanny Avengers|volume= 3|issue= 15|date= December 2016|publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> then by Hydra,<ref>''Secret Empire'' #6-7 (2017). Marvel Comics.</ref> and finally by the [[Challenger (comics)|Challenger]] for a contest against the [[Grandmaster (Marvel Comics)|Grandmaster]].<ref>''Avengers'' #679-688. Marvel Comics.</ref>

===Personality===
Like other long-lived characters, the Hulk's character and cultural interpretations have changed with time, adding or modifying character traits. The Hulk is typically seen as a immense, green skin hulking brute with larger jaws, exaggerated brows, black hair like Bruce's (but wilder and messy), a lower voice, and intense eyes, wearing only a pair of torn pants that survive his physical transformation as the character progressed. As Bruce Banner, the character is about 5&nbsp;ft 9 in (1.75 m) tall and weighs 128&nbsp;lbs (58.05&nbsp;kg), but when transformed into the Hulk, the character stands between 7 and 8&nbsp;ft (2.13 - 2.43 m) tall and weighs between 1,040 and 1,400&nbsp;lbs (471.73 - 635.02&nbsp;kg). The Gray Hulk stands 6&nbsp;ft 6 in (1.98 m) tall and weighs 900&nbsp;lbs (408.23&nbsp;kg); the Merged Hulk stands 7&nbsp;ft 6 in (2.28 m) tall and weighs 1,150&nbsp;lbs (521.63&nbsp;kg); the Green Scar stands 8&nbsp;ft 8 in (2.64 m) tall and weighs 2,400&nbsp;lbs (1.08 ton).<ref name="BioMarvel"/> The Devil Hulk is roughly the same size as Sasquatch, standing around 9 or 10&nbsp;ft (2.74 / 3.04 m) tall and weighing roughly 2,000&nbsp;lbs (907.18&nbsp;kg). Following his debut, Banner's transformations were triggered at nightfall, turning him into a grey-skinned Hulk. In ''Incredible Hulk'' #2, the Hulk started to appear with green skin,<ref name="NewsAramaPg2"/> and in ''Avengers'' #3 (1963) Banner realized that his transformations were now triggered by surges of adrenaline in response to feelings of fear, pain or anger.<ref name="NewsAramaPg3"/> ''Incredible Hulk'' #227 (1978) established that the Hulk's separate identity was not due to the mutation affecting his brain, but because Banner was suffering from [[dissociative identity disorder]], with the savage Green Hulk representing Banner's repressed childhood rage and aggression,<ref name="NewsAramaPg5"/> and the Grey Hulk representing Banner's repressed selfish desires and urges.<ref name="NewsAramaPg9"/>

====Identities====
=====Bruce Banner=====
During his decades of publication, Banner has been portrayed differently, but common themes persist. Banner, a [[physicist]] who earned his Ph.D. in nuclear physics from the [[California Institute of Technology]] (Caltech), is sarcastic and seemingly very self-assured when he first appears in ''Incredible Hulk'' #1, but is also emotionally withdrawn.<ref name="HulkTIG"/> Banner designed the gamma bomb that caused his affliction, and the ironic twist of his self-inflicted fate has been one of the most persistent common themes.<ref name="OyVey">{{Cite book|last= Weinstein|first= Simcha|title= Up, Up, and Oy Vey!|publisher= Leviathan Press| date= 2006|location= Baltimore, Maryland|pages= 82–97|isbn=978-1-881927-32-7}}</ref> Arie Kaplan describes the character thus: "Robert Bruce Banner lives in a constant state of panic, always wary that the monster inside him will erupt, and therefore he cannot form meaningful bonds with anyone."<ref name=Kaplan>{{Cite book|last= Kaplan|first= Arie|title= Masters of the Comic Book Universe Revealed!|publisher= [[Chicago Review Press]]|date= 2006|page= 58|location= Chicago, Illinois|isbn=978-1556526336}}</ref> As a child, Banner's father [[Brian Banner|Brian]] often got mad and physically abused both Banner and his mother, creating the [[complex (psychology)|psychological complex]] of fear, anger, and the fear of anger and the destruction it can cause that underlies the character. Banner has been shown to be emotionally repressed, but capable of deep love for Betty Ross and solving problems posed to him. Under the writing of Paul Jenkins, Banner was shown to be a capable fugitive, applying deductive reasoning and observation to figure out the events transpiring around him. On the occasions that Banner controlled the Hulk's body, he applied principles of physics to problems and challenges and used deductive reasoning. It was shown after his ability to turn into the Hulk was taken away by the red Hulk that Banner has been extremely versatile as well as cunning when dealing with the many situations that followed. When he was briefly separated from the Hulk by Doom, Banner became criminally insane, driven by his desire to regain the power of the Hulk, but once the two recombined he came to accept that he was a better person with the Hulk to provide something for him to focus on controlling rather than allowing his intellect to run without restraint against the world.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Aaron, Jason|penciller= Palo, Jefte|inker= Palo, Jefte|story= Hulk: United Part 1|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 4|issue= 13|date= November 2012|publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref>

=====Hulk=====
The traditional Hulk, often called "Savage Hulk", was originally shown as grey and average in intelligence. He roamed aimlessly and became annoyed at "puny" humans who took him for a dangerous monster. Shortly after becoming the Hulk, his transformation continued turning him green, coinciding with him beginning to display primitive speech.<ref name="NewsAramaPg2"/> By ''Incredible Hulk'' #4, radiation treatments gave Banner's mind complete control of the Hulk's body. While Banner relished his indestructibility and power, he was quick to anger and more aggressive in his Hulk form. He became known as a hero alongside the Avengers, but his increasing paranoia caused him to leave the group. He was convinced that he would never be trusted.<ref name="NewsAramaPg3"/>

Originally, the Hulk was shown as simple-minded and quick to anger.<ref name=Hulk4>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan|penciller= Kirby, Jack|inker= [[Dick Ayers|Ayers, Dick]]|story= The Monster and the Machine!|title= The Incredible Hulk|issue= 4|date= November 1962}}</ref> The Hulk generally divorces his identity from Banner's, decrying Banner as "puny Banner."<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Milgrom, Al|penciller= Milgrom, Al|inker= Janke, Dennis|story= The Monster's Analyst|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 221|date= September 1972}}</ref> From his earliest stories, the Hulk has been concerned with finding sanctuary and quiet.<ref name="OyVey"/> He is often shown to quickly react emotionally to situations. Grest and Weinberg call Hulk the "dark, primordial side of Banner's psyche."<ref name=GreshWeinberg/> Even in the earliest appearances, Hulk spoke in the third person. Hulk retains a modest intelligence, thinking and talking in full sentences. Lee even gives the Hulk expository dialogue in issue #6, allowing readers to learn just what capabilities Hulk has, when the Hulk says, "But these muscles ain't just for show! All I gotta do is spring up and just keep goin'!" In the 1970s, Hulk was shown as more prone to anger and rage, and less talkative. Writers played with the nature of his transformations,<ref name="Nation">{{Cite book | title=Comic Book Nation | last=Wright | first=Bradford | date=March 22, 2001 | publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] | location=Baltimore, Maryland | isbn=978-0-8018-6514-5 | page=[https://archive.org/details/comicbooknationt00wrig/page/336 336] | url=https://archive.org/details/comicbooknationt00wrig/page/336 }}</ref> briefly giving Banner control over the change, and the ability to maintain control of his Hulk form. Artistically and conceptually, the character has become progressively more muscular and powerful in the years since his debut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2006/may/17/medicalresearch.medicineandhealth |last=Randerson |first=James |title=Superman copycats 'risk health' |work=The Guardian |date=May 17, 2006 |location=London, United Kingdom |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505013854/http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2006/may/17/medicalresearch.medicineandhealth |archive-date=May 5, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

=====Joe Fixit=====
Originally, Stan Lee wanted the Hulk to be grey. Due to ink problems, Hulk's color was changed to green. This was later changed in the story to indicate that the {{anchor|Grey Hulk}}'''Grey Hulk''' and the Savage Hulk are separate [[Dissociative identity disorder|dissociative identities]] or entities fighting for control in Bruce's subconscious. The Grey Hulk incarnation can do the more unscrupulous things that Banner could not bring himself to do, with many sources comparing the Grey Hulk to the moody teenager that Banner never allowed himself to be. While the grey Hulk still had the-madder-he-gets, the-stronger-he-gets part that is similar to the Savage Hulk, it is on a much slower rate. It is said by the Leader that the Grey Hulk is stronger on nights of the new moon and weaker on nights of the full moon. Originally, the night is when Bruce Banner became the Grey Hulk and changed back by dawn. In later comics, willpower or stress would have Banner turn into the Grey Hulk.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Milgrom, Al|penciller= Milgrom, Al|inker= Janke, Dennis|story= The More Things Change ...|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 324|date= October 1986}}</ref> During one storyline where he was placed under a spell to prevent him turning back into Bruce Banner and publicly presumed dead when he was teleported away from a gamma bomb explosion that destroyed an entire town, the grey Hulk adopted a specific name as {{anchor|Joe Fixit}}'''Joe Fixit''', a security expert for Las Vegas casino owner Michael Berengetti, with the grey Hulk often being referred to as Joe after these events.<ref>{{cite comic |title=The Incredible Hulk |volume=2 |issue=347 |date=September 1988 |writer=Peter David |penciller=Jeff Purves |inker=Mike Gustovich |story=Crapshoot}}</ref> Joe Fixit later gained the ability to transform into a version of '''[[Red Hulk]]''' in the Below-Place.<ref>''Immortal Hulk'' #45. Marvel Comics.</ref>

=====Merged Hulk=====
Convinced that unaided, the Banner, Green Hulk, and Grey Hulk identities would eventually destroy each other, Doc Samson uses hypnosis to merge the three to create a new single identity combining Banner's intelligence with the Grey Hulk's and Banner's attitudes and the Green Hulk's body. This new {{anchor|Merged Hulk}}'''Merged Hulk''', {{anchor|Professor Hulk}}{{anchor|The Professor}}'''Professor Hulk''', or simply '''Smart Hulk''', considered himself cured and began a new life, but the merger was not perfect, and the Hulk sometimes still considered Banner a separate person, and when overcome with rage the Merged Hulk would transform back into Banner's human body while still thinking himself the Hulk.<ref name="NewsAramaPg9"/> The Merged Hulk is the largest of the three primary Hulk incarnations. While in a calm emotional state, the Merged Hulk is stronger than Savage Hulk when he is calm. Unlike the Savage Hulk and the Grey Hulk, Banner subconsciously installed a type of safeguard within this incarnation. The safeguard is that when the Merged Hulk gets angry, he regresses back to Banner with the mind of the Savage Hulk.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= David, Peter|penciller= Keown, Dale|inker= Farmer, Mark|story= Hit and Myth|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 379|date= March 1991}}</ref>

=====Doc Green=====
A variation of the Merged Hulk identity takes on the name '''Doc Green''' as the result of [[Extremis]] fixing Hulk's brain, becoming powerful enough to destroy Tony Stark's mansion with one thunderclap. This form was also known as '''Omega Hulk'''.<ref name="Hulk #5">{{cite comic|writer= [[Gerry Duggan (comics)|Duggan, Gerry]]|penciller= Bagley, Mark|inker= Hennessy, Andrew|story= The Omega Hulk Chapter One|title= Hulk|volume= 3|issue= 5|date= October 2014|publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> It was theorized by Doc Green that this form was an earlier incarnation of his possible future form Maestro.<ref>''Hulk'' Vol. 3 #9. Marvel Comics.</ref>

====={{anchor|Devil Hulk}}The Devil Hulk=====
The '''[[Devil Hulk]]''', or simply the '''Devil''', is the result of the Hulk needing a father figure. While the character's physical appearance varies, he is always depicted as having glowing red eyes and reptilian traits.<ref>''The Incredible Hulk'' Vol. 3 #19. Marvel Comics.</ref> The new form of the Devil Hulk is the result of Banner and Hulk having been through different deaths and rebirths. This incarnation is articulate, smart, and cunning, and does merciless attacks on those who do harm. Unlike the other Hulk incarnations, the Devil Hulk is content with waiting inside Bruce. If Bruce is injured by sunset, the Devil Hulk will emerge with his transformation being limited to night-time.<ref name="Immortal Hulk">''Immortal Hulk'' #1. Marvel Comics.</ref> Thanks to the Devil Hulk side and Banner working together, the Devil Hulk can maintain his form in sunlight.<ref>''Immortal Hulk'' #27. Marvel Comics.</ref>

=====Other identities=====
The {{anchor|Gravage Hulk}}'''Gravage Hulk''' is the result of Banner using the Gamma Projector on himself which merged his Savage Hulk and Grey Hulk identities. This form possesses the raw power of the Savage Hulk and the cunning intellect of the Grey Hulk. While he does not draw on anger to empower him, the Gravage Hulk identity draws on dimensional nexus energies to increase his strength.<ref>''Incredible Hulk'' Vol. 3 #60. Marvel Comics.</ref>

The {{anchor|Dark Hulk}}'''Dark Hulk''' identity is the result of Hulk being possessed by [[Shanzar]]. This form has black skin and is viciously strong.<ref>''Incredible Hulk'' Vol. 2 #371. Marvel Comics.</ref>

The '''[[Guilt Hulk]]''' is a malevolent representation of Banner's abusive father, Brian Banner, that manifests itself in Banner's childhood memories.<ref>''The Incredible Hulk'' Vol. 2 #377 (January 1991). Marvel Comics.</ref>

The {{anchor|Green Scar}}'''Green Scar''' identity is unleashed on Sakaar and is an enraged version of the Gravage Hulk. In addition, he is an expert in armed combat like the use of swords and shields. Green Scar is also a capable leader and an expert strategist.<ref>''Incredible Hulk'' Vol. 3 #93. Marvel Comics.</ref>

{{anchor|Kluh}}'''Kluh''' is a personality of Hulk who is described as the "Hulk's Hulk". This form sports a white mohawk, black skin, and red lines on him.<ref name="Avengers & X-Men: AXIS">{{cite comic| writer= Remender, Rick|penciller= Yu, Leinil Francis|inker= Alanguilan, Gerardo; Yu, Leinil Francis|story= Altered beast|title= [[AXIS (comics)|Avengers & X-Men: AXIS]]|issue= 4|date= January 2015|publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref>

{{anchor|Titan}}'''Titan''' is a more monstrous and malicious form of Hulk who stands at 30&nbsp;ft., has black skin, rock-like spikes on his shoulders, and possesses the ability to shoot lasers from his eyes.<ref>''Hulk'' Vol. 5 #3. Marvel Comics.</ref> This personality was born when it was planted in Hulk by [[D'Spayre]].<ref>''Hulk'' Vol. 5 #14. Marvel Comics.</ref>

===Powers and abilities===
====Bruce Banner====
Considered to be one of the greatest scientific minds on Earth, Banner possesses "a mind so brilliant it cannot be measured on any known intelligence test."<ref>{{cite news| last=Pisani | first=Joseph | title=The Smartest Superheroes | work=BusinessWeek | date=June 2006 | url= http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-05-31/the-smartest-superheroes-businessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140115135337/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-05-31/the-smartest-superheroes-businessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice|archive-date= January 15, 2014|url-status= dead|access-date=December 9, 2007}}</ref> [[Norman Osborn]] estimates that he is the fourth most-intelligent person on Earth.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Pak, Greg|penciller= Oliver, Ben |inker= Oliver, Ben|colorist=Gandini, Veronica | letterer=Bowland, Simon | editor=Paniccia, Mark | story= The List: Hulk |title= Dark Reign: The List – Hulk|volume= 1|issue= 1|date= December 2009}}</ref> Banner holds expertise in biology, chemistry, engineering, medicine, physiology, and nuclear physics. Using this knowledge, he creates advanced technology dubbed "Bannertech", which is on par with technological development from Tony Stark or Doctor Doom. These technologies include a [[Teleportation|teleporter]] and a [[Force shield|force field]] that can protect him from the attacks of Hulk-level entities.

After becoming a fugitive from the law, Banner is forced to go on the run and over the years learns various skills in order to both survive and remain under radar of those who are hunting him. Banner's most frequent method of travel includes hitchhiking, train hopping or simply just walking as he is unable to travel legally via planes, passenger ships or buses due to being in several travel watchlists. Banner is generally on the move and rarely ever stays in one place for very long and only does so if there's a possibility of curing himself. He will only ever stay in one place for an extended period of time if it provides him with complete solitude and privacy where the Hulk can do little to no harm.

To avoid being tracked, Banner does not use cell phones, debit or credit cards and will only use payphones or cash. He will often use fake identities when staying at motels or working jobs that require identification. Having been on the run for years, Banner can normally tell when he is being followed and will generally make a run for it when he is discovered. Having traveled across the globe, Banner is able to sneak over borders without being detected and can get by, by either knowing or learning the local language. Often traveling light, Banner has little to no possessions that he carries in either a satchel or backpack. Often losing everything he owns after transforming into the Hulk, Banner avoids keeping anything of personal value to him so that he can easily replace the items and clothes that were lost or destroyed.

To support himself financially, Banner will work quick part-time jobs and will only accept payments in cash. These jobs have varied from simply working in low pay diners to working as a local doctor. Banner's work ethic as well as his vast knowledge and skillset in science, medicine and engineering often help him get hired rather quickly. Unless desperate, Banner will generally avoid jobs that are high stress due to the potential danger of transforming into the Hulk.

Banner has little to no memories of the Hulk's actions aside from his initial transformation which he described as being extremely painful. Banner's lack of memories often terrifies him as he has often transformed back to witness the devastating aftermath of the Hulk's battles which both saddens and encourages him to find a way to understand his condition so that he won't cause anymore destruction or harm. During his travels, Banner has developed several different techniques to help suppress or control his transformations when he becomes a little angry or upset. Among the techniques he has learned over the years include meditation and hypnotherapy. While they have helped him to better understand and suppress his transformations, none of techniques Banner has learned have helped him to gain full control over the Hulk.

====The Hulk====
The Hulk possesses the potential for seemingly limitless physical strength that is influenced by his emotional state, particularly his anger.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Pak, Greg|penciller= [[Carlo Pagulayan|Pagulayan, Carlo]]|inker= Huet, Jeffrey|story= Warbound -- Part IV|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 109|date= October 2007}}</ref> This has been reflected in the repeated comment "The madder Hulk gets, the stronger Hulk gets."<ref>Achenbach, Joel (June 19, 2003). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2003/06/19/all-the-rage-the-hulk-in-us-all/fbf12212-e7da-4406-b78a-c8aa05a7a838/ "All the Rage: The Hulk in Us All"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> The cosmically powerful entity known as the [[Beyonder]] once analyzed the Hulk's physiology, and claimed that the Hulk's potential strength had "no finite element inside."<ref name="NerdistPowers"/> Hulk's strength has been depicted as sometimes limited by Banner's subconscious influence; when [[Jean Grey]] psionically "shut Banner off", Hulk became strong enough to overpower and destroy the physical form of the villain [[Onslaught (Marvel Comics)|Onslaught]].<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Scott Lobdell|Lobdell, Scott]]; Waid, Mark|penciller= [[Adam Kubert|Kubert, Adam]]; [[Joe Bennett (artist)|Bennett, Joe]]|inker= [[Dan Green (artist)|Green, Dan]]; [[Art Thibert|Thibert, Art]]; Townsend, Tim; Delpergang, Jesse|story= With Great Power ...|title= Onslaught: Marvel|issue= 1|date= October 1996}}</ref> Writer Greg Pak described the Worldbreaker Hulk shown during ''World War Hulk'' as having a level of physical power where "Hulk was stronger than any mortal—and most immortals—who ever walked the Earth"<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.brokenfrontier.com/columns/p/detail/hulk-skaar-hercules|title= Hulk, Skaar & Hercules|first= Greg|last= Pak|date= April 2, 2008|publisher= Broken Frontier|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100111010836/http://www.brokenfrontier.com/columns/p/detail/hulk-skaar-hercules|archive-date= January 11, 2010|url-status= dead|access-date= April 27, 2010|df= mdy-all}}</ref> and depicted the character as powerful enough to completely destroy entire planets.<ref name="Hulks635" /><ref name="Hulks634">{{cite comic| writer= Pak, Greg|penciller= Pelletier, Paul|inker= Miki, Danny|story= Heart of the Monster Part Five|title= Incredible Hulks|issue= 634|date= October 2011}}</ref> His strength allows him to leap into lower Earth orbit or across continents,<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Christopher Priest (comic book writer)|Priest, Christopher]]|penciller= [[Jon Bogdanove|Bogdanove, Jon]]|inker= Bogdanove, Jon|story= Tides|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 3|issue= 33|date= December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Buscema, Sal|story= Waiting For the U-Foes!|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 254|date= December 1980}}</ref> and he has displayed superhuman speed.<ref name="Hulk440" /><ref name="World War Hulk #5 2007">{{cite comic| writer= Pak, Greg|penciller= [[John Romita Jr.|Romita, John Jr.]]|inker= [[Klaus Janson|Janson, Klaus]]|story= The Incredible Hulk Versus the Sentry|title= World War Hulk|issue= 5|date= January 2008}}</ref> Exposure to radiation has also been shown to make the Hulk stronger.<ref name="NerdistPowers"/> It is unknown how he gains biomass during transformation but it may be linked to the One-Below-All.

His durability, regeneration, and endurance also increase in proportion to his temper.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= [[Andrew Wildman|Wildman, Andrew]]|inker= Ivy, Chris|story= Cold Storage|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 394|date= June 1992}}</ref> Hulk is resistant to injury or damage, though the degree to which varies between interpretations, but he has withstood the equivalent of solar temperatures,<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Christian Cooper|Cooper, Chris]]|penciller= Rebner, Jeff|inker= Irwin, Mark|story= Sins of the Father|title= The Incredible Hulk '97|issue= 1|date= 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Pak, Greg|penciller= Romita, John Jr.|inker= Janson, Klaus|story= Hulk|title= [[World War Hulk]]|issue= 2|date= September 2007}}</ref> nuclear explosions,<ref name="Hulk440">{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= [[Angel Medina (artist)|Medina, Angel]]|inker= [[Robin Riggs|Riggs, Robin]]|story= The Big Bang|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 440|date= April 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Way, Daniel|penciller= Dazo, Bong|inker= Pimentel, Joe|story= Operation: Annihilation Part One: Journada Del Muerto|title= [[Deadpool]]|volume= 4|issue= 37|date= July 2011}}</ref><ref name="FF533">{{cite comic| writer= [[J. Michael Straczynski|Straczynski, J. Michael]]|penciller= [[Mike McKone|McKone, Mike]]|inker= [[Andy Lanning|Lanning, Andy]]|story= What Happens in Vegas, Stays in Vegas|title= [[Fantastic Four]]|issue= 533|date= January 2006}}</ref><ref name="Hulk3.105">{{cite comic| writer= Pak, Greg|penciller= Pagulayan, Carlo|inker= Huet, Jeffrey|story= Planet Hulk Armageddon Part II|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 3|issue= 105|date= June 2007}}</ref> and planet-shattering impacts.<ref name="Hulks635"/><ref name="Hulks634"/><ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Ron Wilson (comics)|Wilson, Ron]]|penciller= Wilson, Ron|inker= [[Tom Morgan (comics)|Morgan, Tom]]|story= Kids Will Be Kids|title= [[Marvel Comics Presents]]|issue= 52|date= June 1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Greenberg, Glen; [[J. M. DeMatteis|DeMatteis, J. M.]]|penciller= Garney, Ron|inker= [[Bob Wiacek|Wiacek, Bob]]|story= Heart of the Beast|title= [[Silver Surfer (comic book)|Silver Surfer]]|volume= 3|issue= 125|date= February 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Lee, Stan|penciller= Trimpe, Herb|inker= Adkins, Dan|story= The Brute Battles On!|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 112|date= February 1969}}</ref> Despite his remarkable resiliency, continuous barrages of high-caliber gunfire can hinder his movement to some degree while he can be temporarily subdued by intense attacks with chemical weapons such as anesthetic gases, although any interruption of such dosages will allow him to quickly recover.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= [[Len Wein|Wein, Len]]|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Palmer, Tom|story=You Just Don't Quarrel With the Quintronic Man!|title=The Incredible Hulk|date=July 1977|volume=2|issue=213}}</ref> He has been shown to have both regenerative and adaptive healing abilities, including growing tissues to allow him to breathe underwater,<ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= Weeks, Lee|inker= Palmer, Tom|story= Tempest Fugit, Part 1 of 5|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 3|issue= 77|date= March 2005}}</ref> surviving unprotected in space for extended periods,<ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= [[Al Rio|Rio, Al]]; Weeks, Lee; [[Sean Phillips|Phillips, Sean]]|inker= Hanna, Scott; Weeks, Lee; Palmer, Tom|story= Casus Belli|title= World War Hulk Prologue: World Breaker|issue= 1|date= July 2007}}</ref> and when injured, healing from most wounds within seconds, including, on one occasion, the complete destruction of most of his body mass.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= Keown, Dale|inker= Farmer, Mark|story= Betrayals|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 398|date= October 1992}}</ref> His future self, the "Maestro", was even eventually able to recover from being blown to pieces.<ref name="Hulk460">{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= Kubert, Adam|inker= Farmer, Mark|story= Homecoming|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 460|date= January 1998}}</ref> As an effect, he has an extremely prolonged lifespan.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= Keown, Dale|inker= Weems, Joe; Livesay, John|story= The Last Titan|title= Incredible Hulk: The End|issue= 1|date= August 2002}}</ref><ref name="ThanosWins">{{cite comic| writer= Cates, Donny|penciller= Shaw, Geoff|inker= Shaw, Geoff|story= Thanos Wins|title= Thanos|volume= 2|issue= 17|date= March 2018}}</ref>

He also possesses less commonly described powers, including abilities allowing him to "home in" to his place of origin in New Mexico;<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Byrne, John|penciller= Byrne, John|inker= Wiacek, Bob|story= Call of the Desert|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 314|date= December 1985}}</ref> resist [[Telepathy|psychic control]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Wein, Len|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= [[Jack Abel|Abel, Jack]]|story= The Titan Strikes Back!|title= [[Defenders (comics)|Defenders]]|issue= 12|date= February 1974}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Buscema, Sal; Milgrom, Al|story= The Family That Dies Together ... !|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 259|date= May 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Loeb, Jeph|penciller= [[Ian Churchill|Churchill, Ian]]|inker= Hanna, Scott|story= Loose Cannons|title= [[Cable (comics)|Cable]]|issue= 34|date= August 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Christos Gage|Gage, Christos]]|penciller= [[Andrea Di Vito|Di Vito, Andrea]]|inker= Di Vito, Andrea|story= Hard Questions|title= World War Hulk: X-Men|issue= 1|date= August 2007}}</ref> or [[Metamorphosis|unwilling transformation]];<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Chris Claremont|Claremont, Chris]]; Wein, Len|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Abel, Jack|story= And Six Shall Crush the Hulk|title= The Incredible Hulk Annual|issue= 5|date= October 1976}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Mantlo, Bill|penciller= Buscema, Sal|inker= Buscema, Sal|story= Devolution!|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 266|date= December 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= Purves, Jeff|inker= [[Marie Severin|Severin, Marie]]|story= Countdown Part 4: The Abomination|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 364|date= December 1989}}</ref> grow stronger from radiation<ref name="Hulks635">{{cite comic| writer= Pak, Greg|penciller= Pelletier, Paul|inker= Miki, Danny|story= Heart of the Monster Part Six|title= Incredible Hulks|issue= 635|date= October 2011}}</ref><ref name="FF533" /><ref name="Hulk3.105" /><ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= [[George Pérez|Pérez, George]]|inker= Pérez, George|story= Part 2 of 2|title= Hulk: Future Imperfect|issue= 2|date= January 1993}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Gage, Christos|penciller= Di Vito, Andrea|inker= Di Vito, Andrea|story= Sworn to Protect|title= World War Hulk: X-Men|issue= 2|date= September 2007}}</ref> or dark magic;<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Jenkins, Paul|penciller= Keown, Dale|inker= Keown, Dale|title= [[The Darkness (comics)|The Darkness]] / The Incredible Hulk|issue= 1|date= June 2004}}</ref><ref name="Hulk3.82">{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= [[Jae Lee|Lee, Jae]]|inker= Lee, Jae|story= Dear Tricia ...|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 3|issue= 82|date= August 2005}}</ref> punch his way between separate temporal<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Thomas, Roy|penciller= Trimpe, Herb|inker= Buscema, Sal|story= Descent Into the Time-Stream|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 135|date= January 1971}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Waid, Mark|penciller= Jacinto, Kim|inker= Jacinto, Kim|story= Agent of T.I.M.E. Part Five|title= The Indestructible Hulk|issue= 15|date= January 2014}}</ref> or spatial<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Waid, Mark|penciller= Bagley, Mark|inker= Hennessy, Andrew|story= Who Shot the Hulk #1|title= Hulk|volume= 3|issue= 1|date= June 2014}}</ref> dimensions; and to see and interact with astral forms.<ref name="Hulk3.82" /><ref>{{cite comic| writer= David, Peter|penciller= Keown, Dale|inker= McLeod, Bob|story= Silent Screams|title= The Incredible Hulk|volume= 2|issue= 369|date= May 1990}}</ref> Some of these abilities were in later years explained as being related; his ability to home in on the New Mexico bomb site was due to his latent ability to sense astral forms and spirits, since the bomb site was also the place where the Maestro's skeleton was and the Maestro's spirit was calling out to him in order to absorb his radiation.<ref name="Hulk460"/> He is also shown to have a separate memory to Bruce Banner - when Spider-Man has the knowledge of his secret identity erased during [[Spider-Man: One More Day]], the Hulk later asks how '''Peter''' is doing, not Spider-Man; upon questioning, he enigmatically states "Banner forgot. But '''I''' don't forget."

In the first ''Hulk'' comic series, "massive" doses of gamma rays would cause the Hulk to transform back to Banner, although this ability was written out of the character by the 1970s.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}