Editing Hypericum (section)

==Ecology==
''H. perforatum'' is an [[invasive species]] and [[noxious weed]] in farmland and gardens in the humid and sub-humid [[temperate climate|temperate zones]] of several continents.<ref name=cabi/><ref name=usda/> It is considered [[poison]]ous to [[livestock]].<ref name=cabi/>

Part of the invasive success of ''Hypericum'' species is due to the absence of natural pests.<ref name=cabi/> The [[beetle]]s ''[[Chrysolina quadrigemina]]'', ''[[Chrysolina hyperici]]'' and the [[St. John's-wort root borer]] (''Agrilus hyperici'') feed on [[common St. John's-wort]] (''H.&nbsp;perforatum'') plants and have been used for [[biocontrol]] where the plant has become an [[invasive weed]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Ecology and Management of Common St. Johnswort {{!}} NRCS Montana|url = https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/mt/home/?cid=nrcs144p2_056716|website = www.nrcs.usda.gov|access-date = 2016-02-19}}</ref> ''Hypericum'' species are the only known food plants of the [[caterpillar]] of the [[treble-bar]], a species of [[moth]]. Other [[Lepidoptera]] species whose [[larva]]e sometimes feed on ''Hypericum'' include the [[common emerald]], [[the engrailed]] (recorded on [[imperforate St. John's-wort]], ''H.&nbsp;maculatum''), the [[grey pug]] and the [[setaceous Hebrew character]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/hostplants/search/list.dsml?PSpeciesqtype=starts+with&PSpecies=perforatum&PGenus=Hypericum&PFamilyqtype=starts+with&sort=Family&Familyqtype=starts+with&beginIndex=30&Speciesqtype=starts+with&Genusqtype=starts+with&PGenusqtype=starts+with&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%253FPSpeciesqtype%253Dstarts%252Bwith%2526PSpecies%253Dperforatum%2526PGenus%253DHypericum%2526PFamilyqtype%253Dstarts%252Bwith%2526sort%253DFamily%2526Familyqtype%253Dstarts%252Bwith%2526beginIndex%253D120%2526Speciesqtype%253Dstarts%252Bwith%2526Genusqtype%253Dstarts%252Bwith%2526PGenusqtype%253Dstarts%252Bwith%3fPSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26PSpecies%3dperforatum%26PGenus%3dHypericum%26PFamilyqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dFamily%26Familyqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26beginIndex%3d0%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26PGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith|title = HOSTS-Search Results|access-date = 18 February 2016|website = HOSTS| date=2023 |publisher = [[Natural History Museum, London]]| doi=10.5519/havt50xw | last1=Robinson | first1=Gaden S. | last2=Ackery | first2=Phillip R. | last3=Kitching | first3=Ian | last4=Beccaloni | first4=George W. | last5=Hernández | first5=Luis M. }}</ref> A leaf beetle, ''[[Paria sellata]]'', feeds on the foliage of ''[[Hypericum adpressum]]'', while ant species ''[[Formica montana]]'' and ''[[Formica subsericea|F. subsericea]]'' decorate their nests with its bright yellow petals.<ref name=focr17 /> A small, reddish-brown weevil, ''Anthonomous rutilus''<!-- ''[[Anthonomus rutilus]]''? --> breeds in the inflorescences of ''[[Hypericum kalmianum]]'' and ''[[Hypericum swinkianum|H. swinkianum]]'', the larvae developing within the fruit capsules.<ref name=focr17 />