Editing Implosive consonant (section)

===Voiceless implosives===
Consonants variously called "voiceless implosives," "implosives with glottal closure,"<ref name="SOWL">{{SOWL}}</ref> or "reverse ejectives" involve a slightly different airstream mechanism, purely glottalic ingressive.<ref name=":0" /> The glottis is closed so no pulmonic airstream is possible. The IPA once dedicated symbols {{angbr IPA|ƥ ƭ 𝼉<!--"implicit" in the IPA per Ashby--> ƈ ƙ ʠ ƙ͜ƥ}} to such sounds. These were withdrawn in 1993 and replaced with a voiceless diacritic, {{angbr IPA|ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̥ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥ ɠ͜ɓ̥}}, though {{angbr IPA|Ƥ ƥ Ƭ ƭ Ƈ ƈ}} remain in [[serer language|Serer]] orthography. Some authors disagree with the analysis implied by the IPA voiceless diacritic and retain the dedicated voiceless letters, or, occasionally, transcribe them instead as ingressive ejectives {{angbr IPA|pʼ↓ tʼ↓ ʈʼ↓ cʼ↓ kʼ↓ qʼ↓ k͡pʼ↓}}. The IPA had also suggested the possibility<!--in the voting at the Kiel convention--> of a superscript left pointer, {{angbr IPA|p<sup>˂</sup> t<sup>˂</sup> ʈ<sup>˂</sup> c<sup>˂</sup> k<sup>˂</sup> q<sup>˂</sup> k͡p<sup>˂</sup>}}, which might also be used for fricatives, but it was not approved by the membership.

The attested voiceless implosive stops are:

*[[voiceless bilabial implosive]] {{IPA|[ɓ̥] or [ƥ]}}
*[[voiceless alveolar implosive]] {{IPA|[ɗ̥&thinsp;] or [ƭ]}}
*[[voiceless retroflex implosive]] {{IPA|[ᶑ̥&thinsp;] or [𝼉]}}
*[[voiceless palatal implosive]] {{IPA|[ʄ̥&thinsp;] or [ƈ&thinsp;]}}
*[[voiceless velar implosive]] {{IPA|[ɠ̊&thinsp;] or [ƙ]}} (may be [[paraphonemic]] in English)
*[[voiceless uvular implosive]] {{IPA|[ʛ̥&thinsp;] or [ʠ&thinsp;]}}
*[[voiceless labial–velar implosive]] {{IPA|[ɠ̊͜ɓ̥] or, [ƙ͜ƥ]}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Attested implosive consonants<ref>Bickford & Floyd (2006) ''Articulatory Phonetics'', Table 25.1, augmented by sources at the articles on individual consonants</ref><br><small>(excluding secondary phonations and articulations)</small>
|-
!
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Labial&ndash;velar consonant|Labial&ndash;<br>velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
|-
![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| {{IPA link|ƥ}}
| {{IPA link|ƭ̪}}
| {{IPA link|ƭ}}
| {{IPA link|𝼉}}
| {{IPA link|ƈ}}
| {{IPA link|ƙ}}
| {{IPA link|ƙ͜ƥ}}
| {{IPA link|ʠ}}
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
|{{IPA link|ɓ}}
|{{IPA link|ɗ̪}}
|{{IPA link|ɗ}}
|{{IPA link|ᶑ}}
|{{IPA link|ʄ}}
|{{IPA link|ɠ}}
|{{IPA link|ɠ͜ɓ}}
|{{IPA link|ʛ}}
|}