Editing Independent Subway System (section)

====First Manhattan trunk line, 1932====
[[File:Chambers St 3 vc.jpg|thumb|[[World Trade Center (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|World Trade Center]] station]]
On September 10, 1932, the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line|Eighth Avenue Line]] opened from [[Inwood–207th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|207th Street]] to [[Chambers Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Chambers Street]], inaugurating the IND. In February 1933 the [[Cranberry Street Tunnel]] opened, along with the Eighth Avenue Line from [[Chambers Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Chambers Street]] to [[Jay Street–Borough Hall (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|Jay Street–Borough Hall]]. On the northern end of the construction, in the Bronx, the connecting [[IND Concourse Line|Concourse Line]] opened on July 1, 1933 from [[Norwood–205th Street (IND Concourse Line)|205th Street]] to [[145th Street (IND Concourse Line)|145th Street]].<ref name="chambers">{{cite news|title=Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains in New Subway|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D13F7395513738DDDA90994D1405B828FF1D3|work=[[New York Times]]|date=September 10, 1932|page=1}}</ref> On the IND's opening day, it had a relatively small subway car fleet of 300 cars, while the IRT had 2,281 subway and 1,694 elevated cars, and the BMT had 2,472 cars.<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>

The new IND Eighth Avenue Line was built using {{convert|1,000,000|yd3|ft3}} of [[concrete]] and {{convert|150,000|ST|kg}} of [[steel]]. The [[roadbed]] of the new subway was expected to last 30 years.<ref name="nycsubway.org"/> At the time of the line's opening, other portions of the Independent Subway System were under construction, including five underwater tunnels:<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>
*[[Cranberry Street Tunnel]], {{convert|8,487|ft|m}} long
*[[Rutgers Street Tunnel]], {{convert|5,479|ft|m}} long
*[[53rd Street Tunnel]], {{convert|5,589|ft|m}} long
*[[Concourse Tunnel]], {{convert|5,397|ft|m}} long
*[[Greenpoint Tube]], {{convert|4,790|ft|m}} long

There was some [[vandalism]] on the IND Eighth Avenue Line's opening day, as some of the uptown stations were broken into by people who clogged [[turnstile]] slots with [[Chewing gum|gum]] and other objects. Two months after the IND opened for business, three exits from the [[96th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|96th Street]] and [[103rd Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|103rd Street]] stations – at 95th and 97th Streets and at 105th Street, respectively – were closed due to theft.<ref name="nycsubway.org"/>