Editing Indian-head test pattern (section)

== International variants ==
[[File:Pattern extracted from a physical PM5644.png|thumb|4:3 monochrome pattern resembling the RCA Indian-head extracted from a [[Philips PM5644]] [[Video signal generator|generator]] of likely European ([[PAL]]) origin.]]
The Indian head was also used by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC)<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2012 |title=CBC-TV Test Pattern Explained p12-13 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jmv/7101326755}}</ref> in Canada in conjunction with its own monochrome test pattern,<ref>https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Technology/Technology-All-Eras/Archive-Practical-Television-IDX/70s/Television-Servicing-UK-1974-02-OCR-Page-0033.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> following the [[O Canada|Canadian national anthem]] sign-off in the evening, and during its final years in the late-1970s and early-1980s it was shown before sign-on in the morning, after the showing of the [[SMPTE color bars]].<ref>{{cite web |last=MTLTV |date=28 September 2012 |title=Tête de l'indien |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNHmA6VAD58 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/VNHmA6VAD58 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In [[Thailand]] it was used by [[MCOT HD|Thai TV Channel 4]] when Thailand used the 525-line system.<ref>{{cite web |title=ขุดกรุ:จากสถานี HS1PJ ถึงโทรทัศน์สีสเตอริโอ |url=http://portal.rotfaithai.com/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&p=11397 |language=th}}</ref>

It was also used by [[Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation|Rhodesia Television]] (RTV) during British colonial times (varying between [[Northern Rhodesia|Northern]] and [[Southern Rhodesia]]) following the playing of "[[God Save the Queen]]" at closedown.

This test pattern was later used by the Venezuelan TV channel [[Venevisión]], in conjunction with the [[Electronic Industries Alliance|RMA]] Resolution Chart 1946, until the late-1970s before signing on with the [[Gloria al Bravo Pueblo|Venezuelan national anthem]]. [[Telesistema Mexicano]] (now [[Televisa]]) stations also used this test pattern until the late-1960s immediately after playing the [[Himno Nacional Mexicano|Mexican national anthem]] at sign-off.

In the [[Dominican Republic]], the Indian-head pattern was used by its public broadcaster [[Corporación Estatal de Radio y Televisión]] (CERTV) in the late-1960s and 1970s (in conjunction with the [[EIA 1956 resolution chart]] test card) after playing the [[National Anthem of the Dominican Republic]] at sign-off.

[[File:Radio-Head-of-Gothenburg-Nils-Dahlbeck-Vintage-photo-352373202991.jpg|thumb|312px|Swedish botanist and radio and TV personality {{ill|Nils Dahlbeck|sv}} posing in front of the Indian-head test pattern and the [[Chalmers University of Technology]] experimental TV station test card<ref>{{cite web |title=I går syntes Kalle Anka på TV-skärmen och han hördes också. - PDF Free Download |url=https://docplayer.se/2897676-I-gar-syntes-kalle-anka-pa-tv-skarmen-och-han-hordes-ocksa.html}}</ref> in 1957]]
In [[Sweden]], the Indian-head test pattern was used in test transmissions from the [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vlt.se/artikel/tv-sandningar-till-vattentornet | title=TV-sändningar till vattentornet! | date=12 February 2014 }}</ref> in Stockholm alongside the RMA Resolution Chart 1946, Telefunken T05 test card, as well as other experimental test cards from [[Televerket (Sweden)|Televerket]] and [[Chalmers University of Technology]] from 1948 until November 1958 when it was replaced by the Sveriges Radio TV (now [[Sveriges Television]]) test card.<ref>{{cite web |last=erikbe99 |date=9 July 2007 |title=Testbilder genom tiderna |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiKczfO6iY8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/qiKczfO6iY8 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=1957 |title=Svenska: Radiochefen i Göteborg Nils Dahlbeck |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radio-Head-of-Gothenburg-Nils-Dahlbeck-Vintage-photo-352373202991.jpg}}</ref>

In Australia, the Indian-head test pattern was used by [[TNT (Australian TV station)|TNT-9]] in Northern [[Tasmania]] in conjunction with the Marconi Resolution Chart No. 1 from its launch in 1962 until it adopted colour television in the mid-1970s. This version eschewed the Indian head drawing with the TNT-9 station ID on top, similar to the aforementioned KRLD-TV, WBAP-TV and WKY-TV variants.<ref>{{cite news |title=TNT9 helped north of state find its voice . . . and it was loud |url=https://www.examiner.com.au/story/7743900/tnt9-helped-north-of-state-find-its-voice-and-it-was-loud/ |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Examiner (Tasmania) |date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417061527/https://www.examiner.com.au/story/7743900/tnt9-helped-north-of-state-find-its-voice-and-it-was-loud/ |archive-date=2023-04-17}}</ref>

[[Saudi Broadcasting Authority]] in Saudi Arabia also formerly used a modified version of the Indian-head test pattern, with the [[Emblem of Saudi Arabia]] replacing the Indian head drawing,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Practical-Television/70s/Television-Servicing-UK-1977-12.pdf |title=Television Servicing |date=September 1977 |accessdate=17 April 2024 |page=44}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/OlGJ7EM5GpU Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418044526/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlGJ7EM5GpU&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |title=saudi tv test pattern (1965) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlGJ7EM5GpU |website=[[YouTube]]| date=27 May 2014 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2024}} from 1954 until 1982 when it was replaced with a heavily modified [[Philips PM5544]] test card.

The Indian head was also used in [[Brazil]] by [[Rede Tupi]], both as a test pattern and [[:File:Primeira Vinheta da TV Tupi 1950.ogg|as part of a television ident]], from its launch in 1950 until it became the first Brazilian television network to adopt colour television in 1971–72.

The Indian head pattern was also used by [[Kuwait Television]] in [[Kuwait]] from its launch of television services in 1961 until it adopted colour television in the mid-1970s.

In [[Italy]], the pattern was adapted and modified by [[RAI]] for its monochrome test cards, used from 1961 to 1977. There were two versions during most of its existence, one with a large N for [[Rai 1|Programma Nazionale]] and another with a large 2 for [[Rai 2|Secondo Programma]]. By 1976, the N was replaced by a 1 and was made smaller (the same happened to the second network's 2).<ref>{{Citation |last=Borgiatto |first=Gian Domenico |title=MONOSCOPIO RAI CANALE NAZIONALE |date=2013-06-09 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/94566993@N05/8996886385/ |access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Principali monoscopi storici della tv pubblica italiana |url=https://radiomarconi1895.altervista.org/marconi/primi_monoscopi_rai.html |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=radiomarconi1895.altervista.org}}</ref>