Editing Information system (section)

==Development==
Information technology departments in larger organizations tend to strongly influence the development, use, and application of information technology in the business.
A series of methodologies and processes can be used to develop and use an information system. Many developers use a systems engineering approach such as the [[system development life cycle]] (SDLC), to systematically develop an information system in stages. The stages of the system development lifecycle are planning, system analysis, and requirements, system design, development, integration and testing, implementation and operations, and maintenance.
Recent research aims at enabling<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Neumann|first1=Gustaf|last2=Sobernig|first2=Stefan|last3=Aram|first3=Michael|title=Evolutionary Business Information Systems|journal=Business & Information Systems Engineering|date=February 2014|volume=6|issue=1|pages=33–36|doi=10.1007/s12599-013-0305-1|s2cid=15979292}}</ref> and measuring<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Aram|first1=Michael|last2=Neumann|first2=Gustaf|title=Multilayered analysis of co-development of business information systems|journal=Journal of Internet Services and Applications|date=2015-07-01|volume=6|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s13174-015-0030-8|s2cid=16502371|url=http://www.jisajournal.com/content/pdf/s13174-015-0030-8.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref> the ongoing, collective development of such systems within an organization by the entirety of human actors themselves.
An information system can be developed in house (within the organization) or outsourced. This can be accomplished by outsourcing certain components or the entire system.<ref>{{cite book|title=Using MIS|year=2009|publisher=Kroenke|isbn=978-0-13-713029-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/usingmis00kroe}}</ref> A specific case is the geographical distribution of the development team ([[offshoring]], [[global information system]]).

A computer-based information system, following a definition of [[Langefors]],<ref>{{cite book|last= Börje Langefors|author-link= Börje Langefors|title=Theoretical Analysis of Information Systems|year=1973|publisher=Auerbach|isbn=978-0-87769-151-8}}</ref> is a technologically implemented medium for recording, storing, and disseminating linguistic expressions, as well as for drawing conclusions from such expressions.

[[Geographic information systems in geospatial intelligence|Geographic information systems]], land information systems, and disaster information systems are examples of emerging information systems, but they can be broadly considered as spatial information systems.
System development is done in stages which include:<ref>{{cite book|title=Computer Studies|year=2008|publisher=Frederick Nyawaya|isbn=978-9966-781-24-6}}</ref>
* Problem recognition and specification
* Information gathering
* Requirements specification for the new system
* System design
* System construction
* System implementation
* Review and maintenance