Editing Initiation (section)

===Psychological===
In the study of certain social forms of initiation, such as hazing in college fraternities and sororities, laboratory experiments in psychology suggest that severe initiations produce [[cognitive dissonance]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Aronson | first1 = E. | last2 = Mills | first2 = J. | year = 1959 | title = The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group | journal = Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology | volume = 59 | issue = 2| pages = 177–181 | doi= 10.1037/h0047195| citeseerx = 10.1.1.368.1481 }}</ref> Dissonance is then thought to produce feelings of strong group [[Interpersonal attraction|attraction]] among initiates after the experience, because they want to justify the effort used.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Festinger | first1 = L | year = 1961 | title = The psychological effects of insufficient rewards | journal = American Psychologist | volume = 16 | issue = 1| pages = 1–11 | doi= 10.1037/h0045112}}</ref>

[[Reward system|Rewards]] during initiations have important consequences in that initiates who feel more rewarded express stronger group identity.<ref>Kamau, C. (2012). What does being initiated severely into a group do? The role of rewards. ''International Journal of Psychology'', {{doi|10.1080/00207594.2012.663957}}</ref> As well as group attraction, initiations can also produce [[conformity]] among new members.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Keating | first1 = C. F. | last2 = Pomerantz | first2 = J. | last3 = Pommer | first3 = S. D. | last4 = Ritt | first4 = S. J. H. | last5 = Miller | first5 = L. M. | last6 = McCormick | first6 = J. | year = 2005 | title = Going to college and unpacking hazing: A functional approach to decrypting initiation practices among undergraduates | journal = Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 104–126 | doi= 10.1037/1089-2699.9.2.104| citeseerx = 10.1.1.611.2494 | s2cid = 43240412 }}</ref> Psychology experiments have also shown that initiations increase feelings of [[Need for affiliation|affiliation]].<ref>
{{cite journal
 | last1 = Lodewijkx | first1 = H. F. M.
 | last2 = van Zomeren | first2 = M.
 | last3 = Syroit | first3 = J. E. M. M. | year = 2005
 | title = The anticipation of a severe initiation: Gender differences in effects on affiliation tendency and group attraction
 | journal = Small Group Research
 | volume = 36 | issue = 2
 | pages = 237–262 | doi= 10.1177/1046496404272381
| s2cid = 146168269
 }}
</ref>