Editing Intifada (section)

== List of events named Intifada ==
In Arabic texts, uprisings anywhere can be referred to using the Arabic word "intifada", including, for example, the 1916 [[Easter Rising]] ({{langx|ar|انتفاضة الفصح}}),<ref name="AJ1">{{Cite web |title=الإيرلنديون يحيون ذكرى انتفاضة الفصح ضد البريطانيين |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2003/4/20/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b0%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d8%ad |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> the 1943 [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]] ({{langx|ar|انتفاضة غيتو وارسو}}),<ref name="WGU">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/ar/%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8080-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D9%80-%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88/a-65374699|title=في الذكرى الـ80 للانتفاضة ـ هذا ما حدث في "غيتو وارسو"|language=Arabic|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|accessdate=3 May 2024|date=19 April 2023|quote=في 19 أبريل 1943، بدأت الانتفاضة الأولى ضد النظام النازي On 19 April 1943, the first intifada began against the Nazi regime}}</ref> and the 1949 [[Jeju uprising]] ({{langx|ar|انتفاضة جيجو}}).<ref name="BBC1">{{Cite news |title=في أسبوع: "القيامة" و"رهبان صبية" وانتفاضة "جيجو" |url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/world-43698497 |access-date=2024-05-22 |work=BBC News عربي |language=ar}}</ref>

In English, the word may refer to these events, overwhelmingly in the Arabic-speaking world:
*[[Iraqi Intifada (1952)|Iraqi Intifada]], a series of strikes and riots in Iraq in 1952, aimed against the Hashemite monarchy rule<ref name="II">{{cite web|url=https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/042312336_Sorby.pdf|title=THE 1952 UPRISING IN IRAQ AND REGENT'S ROLE IN ITS CRUSHING (Iraq from al-watba to al-intifāda: 1949 - 1952)|accessdate=3 May 2024|year=2003|publisher=Institute of Oriental and African Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences|author=Karol Sorby}}</ref>
*October Revolution, a series of strikes, riots, and demonstrations in Sudan, that ended with [[Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)#Return to civilian rule (1964–1969)|the dissolution of the Abbud military regime and the beginning of second civilian rule]] in 1964<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_rrBQAAQBAJ | title=Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan: The 'Khartoum Springs' of 1964 and 1985 | isbn=978-1-4725-7402-2 | last1=Berridge | first1=W. J. | date=29 January 2015 | publisher=Bloomsbury }}</ref>
*[[March Intifada]], a leftist uprising against the British colonial presence in Bahrain in March 1965<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.alwaqt.com/art.php?aid=101780 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707121746/http://www.alwaqt.com/art.php?aid=101780 | archive-date=7 July 2011 | title=لندن ناقشت أحداث البحرين مع واشنطن وسط مؤشر تحويل النفوذ في الخليج لأميركا - بانوراما - صحيفة الوقت البحرينية - يومية سياسية مستقلة }}</ref>
*[[Zemla Intifada]], against Spanish colonial rule in then Spanish Sahara, in June 1970<ref>{{cite news|title=Western Sahara: 44th Anniversary of Zemla Uprising|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201406191074.html|access-date=6 November 2016|work=allafrica.com|archive-date=1 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701174818/http://allafrica.com/stories/201406191074.html|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
*In Lebanese internal conflicts:
**[[February 6 Intifada]] (1984), during the [[Lebanese Civil War]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.charlesglass.net/archives/2006/07/lebanon_agonist.html |title=Lebanon Agonistes |access-date=2009-10-17 |last=Glass |first=Charles |date=July 2006 |authorlink=Charles Glass |magazine=CounterPunch |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105182548/http://www.charlesglass.net/archives/2006/07/lebanon_agonist.html |archive-date= 5 January 2009 }}</ref>
**[[Cedar Revolution]] or "Intifada of Independence", the events in Lebanon after Rafic Hariri's 2005 assassination<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27933971 | jstor=27933971 | last1=Haugbolle | first1=Sune | title=Spatial Transformations in the Lebanese "Independence Intifada" | journal=The Arab Studies Journal | date=10 May 2024 | volume=14 | issue=2 | pages=60–77 }}</ref>
*The [[1984 Egyptian intifada]], (October 1, 1984 - October 2, 1984), a bloody uprising and civil resistance movement<ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt cuts food prices|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aNlRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TW4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4090,381919&dq=food+riots+egypt&hl=en|accessdate=28 April 2013|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post|date=1984-10-02|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302205945/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aNlRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TW4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4090,381919&dq=food+riots+egypt&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1990s uprising in Bahrain]], an uprising demanding a return to democratic rule, also known as the "1990s Intifada"<ref>{{cite book | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/political-repression-in-bahrain/political-repression-in-bahrain/FA168D3B3DAF58ADD3A802E5CD5DDE7E | isbn=978-1-108-47143-5 | title=Political Repression in Bahrain | series=Cambridge Middle East Studies | date=10 May 2024 | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>
*[[1991 Iraqi uprisings]], an armed uprising against Saddam Hussein in Iraq, also known as "Iraqi Intifada of 1991"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/slippery-slope-libya-and-lessons-previous-no-fly-zones | title=Slippery Slope: Libya and the Lessons of Previous No-Fly Zones &#124; the Washington Institute }}</ref>
*In the [[Western Sahara conflict]]:
**[[First Sahrawi Intifada]], protests by Sahrawi activists in the Western Sahara, south of Morocco (1999–2004)<ref name="SI">{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43133843|title=Sovereignty on Borrowed Territory: Sahrawi Identity in Algeria|publisher=JSTOR|accessdate=3 May 2024|year=2010|author=Randa Farah|journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs|volume=11|issue=2|pages=59–66|jstor=43133843|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220239/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43133843|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Second Sahrawi Intifada]] or Independence Intifada, demonstrations and riots in Western Sahara, south of Morocco, beginning in May 2005<ref name="SI" />
**[[Gdeim Izik protest camp]], also referred as Third Sahrawi Intifada or simply Third Intifada<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/looking-back-looking-forward-inheriting-the-revolutions-of-the-arab-spring/|title=Looking back, looking forward: inheriting the revolutions of the 'Arab Spring' &#124; openDemocracy|access-date=9 May 2024|archive-date=9 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509094257/https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/looking-back-looking-forward-inheriting-the-revolutions-of-the-arab-spring/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2005 French riots]] referred to be the historian [[Andrew Hussey]] as "the French Intifada"<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13629387.2015.1101954 | doi=10.1080/13629387.2015.1101954 | title=The French intifada: The long war between France and its Arabs | date=2016 | last1=MacDonald | first1=Megan C. | journal=The Journal of North African Studies | volume=21 | pages=156–158 | url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*[[Arab Spring]], a revolutionary wave which began on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia, sometimes referred to as "Intifada":
**[[Tunisian Revolution]], or Tunisian Intifada<ref>https://www.dohainstitute.org/en/lists/ACRPS-PDFDocumentLibrary/The_Tunisian_Revolution_An_Analysis_of_Analyses.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
**[[Yemeni Revolution]], or Yemeni Intifada<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gi0BDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 | title=Fault Lines, the New Updated Edition: Understanding America's Role in the Middle East and the Circumstances Leading to the Rise of ISIS | isbn=978-1-943425-60-0 | last1=Liebich | first1=Don | date=24 May 2016 | publisher=Elevate }}</ref>
**[[2011 Egyptian revolution]], or Egyptian Intifada<ref>{{cite web | url=https://saisreview.sais.jhu.edu/the-egyptian-uprising-a-case-study-in-intifadat-and-the-difficulty-of-lasting-change/ | title=The Egyptian Uprising: A Case Study in Intifadat and the Difficulty of Lasting Change - the SAIS Review of International Affairs | date=16 April 2013 }}</ref>
**[[2011–2013 Sudanese protests]], or Sudanese Intifada<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan &#124; ResearchGate |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303288272}}</ref>
*[[Second Arab Spring]], a series of anti-government protests in several Arab countries starting in late 2019, also known as "Arab Spring 2.0":
**[[17 October Revolution]], nicknamed the Tax Intifada<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/10/18/lebanon-protests-thousands-demand-fall-of-the-regime-in-beirut | title=Lebanon protests: Thousands demand 'fall of the regime' in Beirut }}</ref>
**[[2019–2021 Iraqi protests]], nicknamed Iraqi Intifada<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VD2mtgAACAAJ | title=Iraq's Democratic Moment | isbn=978-1-84904-218-5 | last1=Hadid | first1=Foulath | date=10 May 2024 | publisher=Hurst & Company }}</ref>
* In the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]:
**[[First Intifada]], a Palestinian uprising against the Israeli occupation lasting from December 1987 to 1993<ref>{{cite web |title=History Illustrated: The first Intifada against Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/12/8/history-illustrated-the-first-intifada-against-israel}}</ref>
**[[Second Intifada]], also called  [[Al-Aqsa]] Intifada, an uprising against Israeli occupation leading to intensification of Israeli-Palestinian violence, which began in late September 2000 and ended around 2005<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2018 |title=What were the intifadas? |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215245/https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second |archive-date=10 January 2024 |access-date=28 January 2024}}</ref>
**[[2014 Jerusalem unrest]], a series of violent acts and attacks in Jerusalem in 2014 sometimes referred to as "Intifada"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marder |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FJPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT25 |title=Senses of Upheaval |date=16 November 2021 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-83998-228-6}}</ref>
**[[2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] – 2015 escalation in Israeli–Palestinian conflict, sometimes referred to as "Al-Quds Intifada" or "Jerusalem Intifada" or "Knife Intifada"<ref>[https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/23974-ngo-israeli-army-has-killed-49-children-since-october ''NGO: Israeli army has killed 49 children since October''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091947/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/23974-ngo-israeli-army-has-killed-49-children-since-october|date=2016-02-18}}. MEMO, 17 February 2016</ref>
**[[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis]], also known as the "Unity Intifada"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=Why there is no uprising in the West Bank – yet |url=https://mondoweiss.net/2024/07/why-there-is-no-uprising-in-the-west-bank-yet/ |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=Mondoweiss |language=en-US}}</ref>
**Ongoing [[Gaza war]], referred to by some commentators as the Third Intifada<ref>{{cite web |date=7 October 2023 |title=Hamas-Israel escalation: What we know so far, and whether it could lead to the Third Intifada |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/third-intifada-hamas-israel-escalation-8972498/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007160227/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/third-intifada-hamas-israel-escalation-8972498/ |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref>
***[[2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses]], nicknamed the "student intifada" by activists and critics<ref name="Makoii-2024">{{multiref|{{Cite web |first=Akhtar |last=Makoii |date=2024-05-08 |title=Pro-Palestinian protesters project 'student intifada' slogan onto university |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2024/05/08/police-pro-palestine-camp-george-washington-university/ |quote=Police cleared a pro-Palestinian tent encampment at George Washington University on Wednesday after protesters projected a US flag in flames and slogans including "Long live the student intifada" onto a building overnight. |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |language=en |archive-date=May 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509220155/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2024/05/08/police-pro-palestine-camp-george-washington-university/ |url-status=live }}|{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Maximillian |date=2024-05-03 |title=Inside the 'Student Intifada': A roundtable with campus organizers |url=http://therealnews.com/inside-the-student-intifada-a-roundtable-with-campus-organizers |quote=It is being called the Student Intifada, a grassroots protest movement spreading to different college and university campuses around the country involving students at over a hundred campuses, setting up encampments, occupations and protests (...) |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=[[The Real News Network]] |language=en-US |archive-date=May 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509220156/https://therealnews.com/inside-the-student-intifada-a-roundtable-with-campus-organizers |url-status=live }}|{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Starr |date=2024-05-07 |title='Student intifada here to stay': Harvard activists defy suspension threat |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-800216 |quote=Anti-Israel activists groups defied Harvard University warnings that their protest encampment must dissolve under threat of suspension, proclaiming the campus occupation movement a "student intifada" in a press conference on Monday. |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510193327/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-800216 |url-status=live }}}}</ref>