Editing Intramuros (section)

====Inside colonial Intramuros====
[[File:Manila Cathedral (1792) by Brambila.jpg|thumb|A sketch of [[Plaza de Roma]] of Manila by Fernando Brambila, a member of the Malaspina Expedition during their stop in Manila in 1792]]
The main square of the city of Manila was ''Plaza Mayor'' (later known as Plaza McKinley then ''[[Plaza de Roma]]'') in front of the [[Manila Cathedral]].  East of the plaza was the ''[[Ayuntamiento de Manila|Ayuntamiento]]'' (City Hall) and facing it was the [[Palacio del Gobernador]], the official residence of the [[Spanish Governor - Captain General of the Philippines|Spanish viceroyalties]] to the Philippines. An earthquake on June 3, 1863, destroyed the three buildings and much of the city. The residence of the Governor-General was moved to [[Malacañang Palace]] located about {{convert|3|km|abbr=on}} up on the Pasig River. The two previous buildings were later rebuilt but not the Governor's Palace.

Inside the walls were other [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] churches, the oldest being [[San Agustin Church (Manila)|San Agustin Church]] ([[Augustinians|Augustinian]]s) built in 1607.  The other churches built by the different [[religious institute|religious orders]] – San Nicolas de Tolentino Church ([[Recollects]]), [[San Francisco Church (Manila)|San Francisco Church]] ([[Franciscans]]), [[Third Order of the Franciscans Church (Manila)|Third Venerable Order Church]] ([[Third Order of St. Francis]]), [[Santo Domingo Church (Quezon City)|Santo Domingo Church]] ([[Dominican Order|Dominican]]), [[National Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes|Lourdes Church]] ([[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchins]]), and the [[San Ignacio Church (Manila)|San Ignacio Church]] ([[Jesuit]]s) – has made the small walled city the ''[[City of Churches]]''. Intramuros was the center of large educational institutions in the Philippines.<ref name="AFS" />
[[File:Intramuros Edifices, Manila, Philippines.jpg|thumb|493x493px|Street scene in Intramuros with its [[Bahay na bato]] edifices. late 19th century-early 20th century.]]
Convents and church-run schools were established by the different [[Catholic religious order|religious orders]].  The Dominicans established the [[University of Santo Tomas|Universidad de Santo Tomás]] in 1611 and the [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran|Colegio de San Juan de Letrán]] in 1620.  The Jesuits established the [[Universidad de San Ignacio]] in 1590, the first university in the Philippines. It closed in 1768, following the [[Suppression of the Society of Jesus|expulsion of the Jesuits]] in the Philippines.  After the Jesuits were allowed to return to the Philippines, they established the [[Ateneo de Manila University|Ateneo Municipal de Manila]] in 1859.<ref name="Ateneo">[http://www.ateneo.edu/index.php?p=110 "History"]. Ateneo de Manila University. Retrieved on October 11, 2012.</ref> In the initial period of colonization, there were a total of 1,200 Spanish families living in the vicinity of Intramuros, 600 Spanish families within the walls and another 600 living in the suburbs outside Intramuros. In addition to this were about 400 Spanish soldiers garrisoned at the walled city.<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38269/38269-h/38269-h.htm#pb139 |title = A History of the Philippines |last = Barrows |first = David |journal = Guttenburg Free Online E-books |year = 2014 |volume = 1 |page = 179 |quote = Within the walls, there were some six hundred houses of a private nature, most of them built of stone and tile, and an equal number outside in the suburbs, or “arrabales,” all occupied by Spaniards (“todos son vivienda y poblacion de los Españoles”). This gives some twelve hundred Spanish families or establishments, exclusive of the religious, who in Manila numbered at least one hundred and fifty, the garrison, at certain times, about four hundred trained Spanish soldiers who had seen service in Holland and the Low Countries, and the official classes.}}</ref>