Editing Irreversible process (section)

==Complex systems==
The difference between reversible and irreversible events has particular explanatory value in [[complex system]]s (such as living organisms, or [[ecosystems]]). According to the biologists [[Humberto Maturana]] and [[Francisco Varela]], living organisms are characterized by [[autopoiesis]], which enables their continued existence. More primitive forms of [[self-organizing]] systems have been described by the physicist and chemist [[Ilya Prigogine]]. In the context of complex systems, events which lead to the end of certain [[self-organising]] processes, like [[death]], extinction of a species or the collapse of a meteorological system can be considered as irreversible. Even if a [[Clone (genetics)|clone]] with the same organizational principle (e.g. identical DNA-structure) could be developed, this would not mean that the former distinct system comes back into being. Events to which the [[self-organizing]] capacities of organisms, species or other complex systems can adapt, like minor injuries or changes in the physical environment are reversible. However, adaptation depends on import of [[negentropy]] into the organism, thereby increasing irreversible processes in its environment.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/11720591|title=Computation, Physics and Beyond|last1=Longo|first1=Giuseppe|last2=Montévil|first2=Maël|date=2012-01-01|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783642276538|editor-last=Dinneen|editor-first=Michael J.|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|pages=289–308|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-27654-5_22|editor-last2=Khoussainov|editor-first2=Bakhadyr|editor-last3=Nies|editor-first3=André|citeseerx=10.1.1.640.1835|s2cid=16929949 }}</ref> Ecological principles, like those of [[sustainability]] and the [[precautionary principle]] can be defined with reference to the concept of reversibility.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lucia | first1 = Umberto | year = 1998 | title = Maximum principle and open systems including two-phase flows | journal = Revue Gènèrale de Thermique | volume = 37 | issue = 9| pages = 813–817 | doi=10.1016/s0035-3159(98)80007-x}}</ref><ref>
Lucia U., Irreversibility and entropy in Rational Thermodynamics, Ricerche di Matematica, L1 (2001) 77-87</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lucia | first1 = U. | last2 = Gervino | first2 = G. | year = 2005 | title = Thermoeconomic analysis of an irreversible Stirling heat pump cycle | journal = The European Physical Journal B | volume = 50| issue = 1–2| pages = 367–369 | doi=10.1140/epjb/e2006-00060-x|arxiv = physics/0512182 |bibcode = 2006EPJB...50..367L | s2cid = 119372773 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
| last1        = Lucia
| first1       = Umberto
| last2       = Maino
| first2      = G.
| year        = 2006
| title       = The relativistic behaviour of the thermodynamic Lagrangian
| journal     = Il Nuovo Cimento B
| volume      = 121
| issue       = 2
| pages       = 213–216
| doi         = 10.1393/ncb/i2006-10035-8
|bibcode = 2006NCimB.121..213L }}</ref><ref>
{{Cite journal| last1 = Lucia | first1 = U.| title = Irreversible entropy variation and the problem of the trend to equilibrium| journal = Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications| volume = 376| pages = 289–292| year = 2007| doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2006.10.059|bibcode = 2007PhyA..376..289L }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lucia | first1 = U. | last2 = Gervino | first2 = G. | year = 2009 | title = Hydrodynamics cavitation: from theory towards a new experimental approach | journal = Central European Journal of Physics | volume = 7 | issue = 3| pages = 638–644 |bibcode = 2009CEJPh...7..638L |doi = 10.2478/s11534-009-0092-y | s2cid = 120720503 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Lucia2009/><ref>
Lucia U., 2009, The thermodynamic Lagrangian, in Pandalai S.G., 2009, Recent Research Developments in Physics, Vol. 8, pp. 1-5, {{ISBN|978-81-7895-346-5}}</ref><ref>
Lucia U., 2010, Maximum entropy generation and κ−exponential model, ''Physica A'' 389, pp. 4558-4563  {{Cite journal| last1 = Lucia | first1 = U.| title = Maximum entropy generation and κκ-exponential model| journal = Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications| volume = 389| issue = 21| pages = 4558–4563| year = 2010| doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2010.06.047|bibcode = 2010PhyA..389.4558L }}
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