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Ischemia
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=== Brain === {{Main|Brain ischemia|Ischemic stroke}} [[Brain ischemia]] is insufficient blood flow to the [[brain]], and can be [[acute (medicine)|acute]] or [[chronic condition|chronic]]. Acute [[ischemic stroke]] is a neurological emergency typically caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow in a vessel in the brain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ischemic Stroke|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=medlineplus.gov}}</ref> Chronic ischemia of the brain may result in a form of [[dementia]] called [[vascular dementia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kuźma|first1=Elżbieta|last2=Lourida|first2=Ilianna|last3=Moore|first3=Sarah F.|last4=Levine|first4=Deborah A.|last5=Ukoumunne|first5=Obioha C.|last6=Llewellyn|first6=David J.|date=August 2018|title=Stroke and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis|url=https://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/article/S1552-5260(18)33250-3/abstract|journal=Alzheimer's & Dementia|volume=14|language=en|issue=11|pages=1416–1426|doi=10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3061|pmid=30177276|issn=1552-5260|pmc=6231970|hdl=2027.42/152961|access-date=2018-09-07|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828131059/https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15525279|url-status=dead}}</ref> A sudden, brief episode (symptoms lasting only minutes) of ischemia affecting the brain is called a [[transient ischemic attack]] (TIA), often called a mini-stroke.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=Transient Ischemic Attack|url=https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=medlineplus.gov}}</ref> TIAs can be a warning of future strokes, with approximately 1/3 of TIA patients having a serious stroke within one year.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=What is a TIA|url=https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/tia-transient-ischemic-attack/what-is-a-tia|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.stroke.org|language=en}}</ref>
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