Editing J-pop (section)

===1960s: Origin of modern style===

====Rokabirī Boom and Wasei pops====
During the 1950s and 60s, [[yakuza]] manager [[Kazuo Taoka]] reorganized the concert touring industry by treating the performers as professionals. Many of these performers later became key participants in the J-pop genre.<ref>Martin, Ian, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20110526im.html 'Golden age' of kayoukyoku holds lessons for modern J-pop]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 26 May 2011, p. 13.</ref>

In 1956, Japan's [[rock and roll]] craze began, due to the country music group known as [[Kazuya Kosaka|Kosaka Kazuya]] and the Wagon Masters; their rendition of [[Elvis Presley]]'s song "[[Heartbreak Hotel]]" helped to fuel the trend. The music was called "[[rockabilly]]" (or ''rokabirī'') by the Japanese media.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20080221r1.html|title=Showa 33: the year Japan got all shook up|newspaper=The Japan Times|date=2008-02-21|access-date=2009-03-03}}</ref> Performers learned to play the music and translate the lyrics of popular American songs, resulting in the birth of {{Nihongo|''Cover Pops''|カヴァーポップス|Kavā poppusu}}.<ref name="showahibari">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/cfc-co/showahibari/bk/bk_spe050428b.html|script-title=ja:ジャパンポップスの黄金時代|trans-title=Japan pops' golden age|publisher=Columbia Music Entertainment|date=2005-04-28|language=ja|access-date=2008-11-20}}</ref> The rockabilly movement would reach its peak when 45,000 people saw the performances by Japanese singers at the first Nichigeki Western Carnival in one week of February 1958.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://showa.mainichi.jp/news/1958/02/post-e41c.html|script-title=ja:第1回日劇ウエスタンカーニバル|trans-title=First Nichigeki Western Carnival|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|language=ja|access-date=2008-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904063756/http://showa.mainichi.jp/news/1958/02/post-e41c.html|archive-date=2010-09-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Kyu Sakamoto]], a fan of Elvis, made his stage début as a member of the band [[The Drifters (Japanese band)|The Drifters]] at the Nichigeki Western Carnival in 1958.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emimusic.jp/st/hiccho/series2/toct25161.htm|script-title=ja:九ちゃんの歌|trans-title=Kyu-chan's songs|publisher=EMI Music Japan|access-date=2009-01-05|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207181018/http://www.emimusic.jp/st/hiccho/series2/toct25161.htm|archive-date=2009-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> His 1961 song "Ue wo Muite Arukō" ("Let's Look Up and Walk"), known in other parts of the world as "[[Sukiyaki (song)|Sukiyaki]]", was released to the United States in 1963. It was the first Japanese song to reach the Number One position in the United States, spending four weeks in ''[[Cash Box]]'' and three weeks in ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. It also received a [[Music recording sales certification|gold record]] for selling one million copies.<ref name="NippopSAKAMOTO">{{Cite web |url=http://nippop.com/artist/artist_id-117/artist_name-kyu_sakamoto/ |title=Kyu Sakamoto |access-date=2008-06-29 |publisher=nippop.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529171140/http://nippop.com/artist/artist_id-117/artist_name-kyu_sakamoto/ |archive-date=2008-05-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During this period, female duo [[The Peanuts]] also became popular, singing a song in the movie ''[[Mothra (film)|Mothra]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/j-pop_will_eat_itself/j-pop-before-j-pop.htm|title=J-Pop Before J-Pop|magazine=[[Stylus Magazine]]|date=2006-06-08|access-date=2009-01-04|archive-date=2009-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106141054/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/j-pop_will_eat_itself/j-pop-before-j-pop.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Their songs, such as "Furimukanaide" ("Don't Turn Around") were later covered by [[Candies (group)|Candies]] on their album ''Candy Label''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/col/20060522/116774/|script-title=ja:懐かしの名曲を探せ！（第31回）～ザ・ピーナ恋のバカンス」の巻|publisher=[[Nikkei Business Publications]]|date=2006-05-26|language=ja|access-date=2009-02-05}}</ref> Artists like Kyu Sakamoto and The Peanuts were called {{Nihongo|''Wasei Pops''|和製ポップス|Wasei poppusu|"Japan-made pop"}}.<ref name="showahibari" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.victor-f-c.com/product/detail.php?sgno=0&mgno=1&ino=1955|title=ザ'60s ポップス・ヒッレード|trans-title=The 60s' pops hit parade|publisher=Victor family club|language=ja|access-date=2008-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044445/http://www.victor-f-c.com/product/detail.php?sgno=0&mgno=1&ino=1955|archive-date=2008-12-07|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

After frequently changing members, [[Chosuke Ikariya]] re-formed The Drifters in 1964 under the same name. At a Beatles concert in 1966, they acted as curtain raisers, but the audience generally objected.<ref name="arai">{{cite news|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/jinji/2000/seikyo000210.html|script-title=ja:荒井注さん全のため死去|trans-title=Mr. Chu Arai has died from hepatic failure|newspaper=Nikkan Sports|year=2000|language=ja|access-date=2009-01-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206172939/http://www.nikkansports.com/jinji/2000/seikyo000210.html|archive-date=2009-02-06}}</ref> Eventually, The Drifters became popular in Japan, releasing "Zundoko-Bushi" ("Echoic word tune") in 1969.<ref name="arai" /> Along with ''enka'' singer [[Keiko Fuji]], they won "the award for mass popularity" at the [[12th Japan Record Awards]] in 1970.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jacompa.or.jp/rekishi/d1970.htm|title=12th Japan Record Award|publisher=[[Japan Composer's Association]]|language=ja|access-date=2009-01-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207042602/http://www.jacompa.or.jp/rekishi/d1970.htm|archive-date=2009-02-07}}</ref> Keiko Fuji's 1970 album ''Shinjuku no Onna/'Enka no Hoshi' Fuji Keiko no Subete'' ("Woman in Shinjuku/'Star of ''Enka''{{'}} All of Keiko Fuji") established an all-time record in the history of the Japanese [[Oricon]] chart by staying in the Number One spot for 20 consecutive weeks.<ref name="1000numberone">{{cite news|url=http://www.asahi.com/komimi/TKY200709190117.html|script-title=ja:オリコンルバム1位が千作品に 最多はユーミン|newspaper=Asahi Shimbun|date=2007-09-19|language=ja|access-date=2008-12-27}}</ref> The Drifters later came to be known as television personalities and invited [[Japanese idol|idols]] such as [[Momoe Yamaguchi]] and Candies to their television program.<ref name="arai" />

====Ereki boom and group sounds====
{{See also|Group sounds}}
[[Image:Nippon Budokan 2010.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Nippon Budokan, legendary place for Japanese musicians]]
[[The Ventures]] visited Japan in 1962, causing the widespread embrace of the [[electric guitar]] called  the "''Ereki'' boom".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20080807r2.html|title=Mad about deke-deke-deke|newspaper=The Japan Times|date=2008-08-07|access-date=2009-01-12}}</ref> [[Yūzō Kayama]] and [[Takeshi Terauchi]] became famous players of electric guitar.<ref name="ventures">{{cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20080807r1.html|title=The Ventures: still rocking after 50 years|newspaper=The Japan Times|date=2008-08-07|access-date=2009-01-12}}</ref> In 1966, [[the Beatles]] came to Japan and sang their songs at the [[Nippon Budokan]], becoming the first [[rock music]] band to perform a concert there.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/special/20080319/1008279/|script-title=ja:それはビートルズから始まった・・・ 武道館が"伝説"になった日|trans-title=It started from The Beatles ... the day when the Budokan became a legend|publisher=Nikkei Business Publications|date=2008-03-20|language=ja|access-date=2009-01-06}}</ref> The public believed that the Beatles would cause [[juvenile delinquency]].<ref name="beatles" /> The Japanese government deployed [[riot police]] against young rock fans at the Nippon Budokan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/ss/194/special/top.html|title=SmaStation Special Back Number #194|publisher=TV Asahi|year=2006|language=ja|access-date=2009-01-06}}</ref> [[John Lennon]] felt that they were not well regarded in Japan, but [[Beatlemania]] has never really died there.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7770865.stm|title=Japan keeps Lennon's memory alive|publisher=BBC|date=2008-12-08|access-date=2009-01-12|first=Duncan|last=Bartlett}}</ref> The Beatles inspired Japanese bands, creating the [[group sounds]] genre in Japan.<ref name="beatles" />

Most Japanese musicians felt that they could not sing rock in [[Japanese language|Japanese]], so the popularity of Japanese rock gradually declined.<ref name="beatles" /> As a result, there were debates such as "Should we sing rock music in Japanese?" and "Should we sing in English?" between [[Happy End (band)|Happy End]] and [[Yūya Uchida (singer/actor)|Yuya Uchida]] about Japanese rock music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocn.ne.jp/game/og/go_yoshida/200709/|title=第4回：内田裕也&裕也ファミリーTOP3「コンプリート書評」|language=ja|publisher=[[Open Computer Network]]|date=2007-09-27|access-date=2009-01-14}}</ref> This confrontation was called {{Nihongo|"Japanese-language rock controversy"|日本語ロック論争|Nihongo Rokku Ronsō}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdjournal.com/main/news/news.php?nno=20817|title=日本のロックを徹底紹介！CDジャーナル新刊ムック「日本のロック名曲徹底ガイド 1967-1985」本日発売|publisher=CD Journal|date=2008-10-02|language=ja|access-date=2009-01-14}}</ref> Happy End proved that rock music could be sung in Japanese, and one theory holds that their music became one of the origins of modern J-pop.<ref name="beatles" /> The Beatles also inspired [[Eikichi Yazawa]], who grew up in an underprivileged family, his father dying when he was a child.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asakyu.com/column/?id=487|script-title=ja:「信じろよ、自分を」矢沢永吉が語る仕事-1|newspaper=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|date=2008-06-08|access-date=2008-11-18|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225154914/http://www.asakyu.com/column/?id=487|archive-date=2008-12-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Keisuke Kuwata]], who grew up in a dual-income family, was influenced by the Beatles through his older sister, then an avid fan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daily.co.jp/gossip/2008/10/23/0001534804.shtml |script-title=ja:桑田佳祐、沈痛...臓がんで死去 |publisher=Daily Sports |date=2008-10-23 |access-date=2009-01-08 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026034906/http://www.daily.co.jp/gossip/2008/10/23/0001534804.shtml |archive-date=October 26, 2008 }}</ref> [[Yōsui Inoue]] was also a fan of The Beatles, but he said that his music style was not particularly related to them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nishinippon.co.jp/nnp/culture/kayou/20061129/20061129_001.shtml|script-title=ja:第5部ル ビートルズとディラン|publisher=[[Nishinippon Shimbun]]|date=2006-11-29|access-date=2009-01-07|language=ja|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206205321/http://www.nishinippon.co.jp/nnp/culture/kayou/20061129/20061129_001.shtml|archive-date=2009-02-06}}</ref> After Happy End disbanded in 1973, [[Haruomi Hosono]], a former member, began a solo career and later formed [[Yellow Magic Orchestra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://natalie.mu/artist/show/id/907|title=Haruomi Hosono|publisher=natalie|access-date=2009-01-09|language=ja}}</ref>