Editing Java sparrow (section)

==Relation to humans==
===Aviculture===
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2025}}
The Java sparrow has been a popular [[Cagebird|cage bird]] in Asia for centuries, first in China's [[Ming Dynasty]] and then in Japan from the 17th century, frequently appearing in Japanese paintings and prints. [[Meiji-era]] writer [[Natsume Sōseki]] wrote an essay about his pet Java sparrow. In the late 1960s and early 1970s the Java sparrow was one of the most popular cage birds in the United States until its import was banned. Today it remains illegal to possess in California because of a perceived threat to agriculture, although rice-dependent Asian countries like [[China]], [[Taiwan]] and [[Japan]] have not regulated the bird.

In Asia the Java sparrow is most often raised almost from birth by human breeders and owners, and they become very tame and [[Imprinting (psychology)|attached to humans]]. As such, they can be normally kept in relatively small cages, but let out for indoor exercise without their attempting to escape. In captivity, a variety of colourations have been bred, including white, silver/opal, fawn/[[Isabelline (colour)|isabel]], pastel, cream and agate (which currently is rare within Europe captive specimens) along with the [[pied]] Java sparrow (called the ''sakura buncho'' in Japan).

===Introductions===
[[File:Padda oryzivora -University of Hawaii at Manoa campus, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA-8.jpg|right|thumb|Adult in Hawaii]]
[[File:Padda oryzivora -University of Hawaii at Manoa campus, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA -juvenile-8-4c.jpg|right|thumb|A juvenile in Hawaii with a black/dark-grey beak]]
[[File:Yatomi Japanese Rice Bird ac.jpg|thumb|A white Buncho in Yatomi, Japan]]
The Java sparrow was introduced in the Indian subcontinent,<ref>Hume, Allan Octavian. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9yUIAQAAIAAJ&q=oryzivora The Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, Volume II.] R. H. Porter, 1890, p. 128</ref> but it failed to become a successful resident on the Indian mainland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceylonbirdclub.org/Appendix-II.pdf|title=Ceylon Bird Club Rarities and Records Committee : Appendix II|website=Ceylonbirdclub.org|access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> In the United States there are breeding populations on several of the Hawaiian Islands, especially [[Oahu]].

In the Caribbean, the Java sparrow was introduced to [[Puerto Rico]] where it is fairly common near [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]. It has also been sighted in [[Jamaica]], but is not known to occur on any of the other islands.<ref name="raffaele">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xfp8Ap-qVM0C&pg=PA196|title=Birds of the West Indies|first1=Herbert A.|last1=Raffaele|first2=James|last2=Wiley|first3=Orlando H.|last3=Garrido|first4=Allan|last4=Keith|first5=Janis I.|last5=Raffaele|date=23 April 2010|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3618-5|pages=196–}}</ref> It was also introduced to [[Christmas Island]], off the coast of [[Western Australia]].

===Conservation===
The Java sparrow is considered by some countries to be an agricultural pest with respect to rice cultivation. An ongoing loss of natural habitat, hunting in some areas and trapping (as a pest) in others has led to much smaller numbers in the wild and sightings in its natural range have become increasingly uncommon. The Java sparrow is now evaluated as [[endangered]] on the [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] with less than 10,000 individuals remaining. It is also listed on Appendix II of [[CITES]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/red-list-northern-bald-ibis-pink-pigeon-making-comeback|title=Red List: Northern Bald Ibis, Pink Pigeon making a comeback|author=|website=Birdlife.org|access-date=2018-11-23|language=en-us}}</ref> The species is also severely threatened by the illegal exotic pet trade as they are sought after for their distinctive song, according to [[Traffic (conservation programme)|TRAFFIC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.traffic.org/what-we-do/species/asian-songbirds/|title=Asian Songbirds - Species we work with at TRAFFIC|website=Traffic.org|language=en|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref>