Editing Jaws 2 (section)

===Development and writing===
Universal wanted a sequel to ''Jaws'' early into the success of the original film.<ref name="makingof"/> Producers [[David Brown (producer)|David Brown]] and [[Richard D. Zanuck]] realized that someone else would produce the film if they did not, and preferred to be in charge of the project themselves.<ref name="kach74"/>

In October 1975, [[Steven Spielberg]] told the [[San Francisco Film Festival]] that "making a sequel to anything is just a cheap carny trick" and that he did not even respond to the producers when they asked him to direct ''Jaws 2''. He claimed that the planned plot was to involve the sons of Quint and Brody hunting a new shark.<ref name="Ref_">{{harvnb|Baxter|1997|p=145}}</ref> Brown said that Spielberg did not want to direct the sequel because he felt that he had done the "definitive shark movie".<ref name="makingof"/><ref name="Priggé8">{{harvnb|Priggé|2004|p=8}}</ref> The director later added that his decision was influenced by the problems the ''Jaws'' production faced – "I would have done the sequel if I hadn't had such a horrible time at sea on the first film."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/06/08/steven-spielberg-jaws-interview/|title=Steven Spielberg talks about 'Jaws' – the greatest summer movie ever made|first=Chris|last=Nashawaty|date=2011-06-08|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=2012-01-02}}</ref>

Despite Spielberg's rejection, the studio went ahead with plans to make the sequel, leading to an arduous 18-month pre-production process. [[Howard Sackler]], who had contributed to the first film's script but chose not to be credited, was charged with writing the first draft. He originally proposed a [[prequel]] based on the sinking of the [[USS Indianapolis (CA-35)|USS ''Indianapolis'']], the story relayed by [[Quint (Jaws character)|Quint]] in the first film. Although Universal president [[Sidney Sheinberg]] thought Sackler's [[Film treatment|treatment]] for the film was intriguing, he rejected the idea.<ref name="Ref_a">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|pp=24–5}}</ref> On Sackler's recommendation, theatre and film director [[John D. Hancock]] was chosen to helm the picture.<ref name="Ref_b">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|p=27}}</ref>

Hancock began filming in June 1977. However, after nearly a month of filming, Universal and MCA executives disliked the dark, subtle tone that the film was taking and wanted a more lighthearted and action-oriented story. Additionally, Hancock ran into trouble with Sheinberg, who suggested to Hancock and Tristan that his (Sheinberg's) wife, actress [[Lorraine Gary]] (Ellen Brody), "should go out on a boat and help to rescue the kids." When told of the idea, Zanuck replied, "Over my dead body." The next draft of the film's screenplay was turned in with Gary not going out to sea. Hancock says that this, and his later firing of another actress who turned out to be a Universal executive's girlfriend, contributed to his own dismissal from the film.<ref name="luke">{{harvnb|Ford|2004|p=191}}</ref>

Hancock began to feel the pressure of directing his first epic adventure film "with only three film credits, and all small-scale dramas".<ref name="Ref_c">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|p=66}}</ref> The producers were unhappy with his material, and on a Saturday evening in June 1977, after a meeting with the producers and Universal executives, the director was fired. He and his wife left for [[Rome]] and production was shut down for a few weeks. The couple had been involved in the film for eighteen months.<ref name="Ref_d">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|p=70}}</ref> Hancock blamed his departure on the mechanical shark, telling a newspaper that it still could not swim or bite after a year and a half: "You get a couple of shots, and [the shark] breaks."<ref name="kach78">{{harvnb|Kachmar|2002|p=78}}</ref> Echoing the first film's production, [[Carl Gottlieb]] was enlisted to further revise the script, adding humor and reducing some of the violence.<ref name="Ref_e">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|pp=36–7}}</ref> Gottlieb wrote on location at [[Fort Walton Beach, Florida]].<ref name="Gottlieb221">{{harvnb|Gottlieb|2010|p=221}}</ref> It cost the producers more money to hire Gottlieb to do the rewrite than it would have if they had hired him in the first place.<ref name="Ref_e"/>

At this point, Spielberg considered returning to direct the sequel. Over the [[United States Bicentennial|Bicentennial weekend]] in 1976, Spielberg had hammered out a screenplay based on Quint's ''Indianapolis'' speech. Because of his contract for ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', however, Spielberg would not be able to work on the film for a further year and the producers could not wait for him to be free.<ref name="Ref_f">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|p=73}}</ref> Production designer [[Joe Alves]] (who would direct ''[[Jaws 3-D]]'') and [[Verna Fields]] (who had been promoted to vice-president at Universal after her acclaimed editing on the first film) proposed that they co-direct it.<ref name="makingof"/><ref name="Ref_g">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|p=74}}</ref> The request was declined by the [[Directors Guild of America]],<ref name="Ref_h">{{harvnb|Rosenfield|1982|p=1}}</ref> partly because they would not allow a DGA member to be replaced by someone who was not one of its members, and partly because they, in the wake of events on the set of ''[[The Outlaw Josey Wales]]'', had instituted a ban on any cast or crew members taking over as director during a film's production. The reins were eventually handed to [[Jeannot Szwarc]], best known for the film ''[[Bug (1975 film)|Bug]]'' and whom Alves knew from working on the TV series ''[[Night Gallery]]''.<ref name="Ref_i">{{harvnb|Loynd|1978|pp=75–6}}</ref> Szwarc recommenced production by filming the complicated water skier scene, giving Gottlieb some time to complete the script.<ref name="makingof"/> He reinstated the character of Deputy Hendricks, played by [[Jeffrey Kramer]], who had been missing from the earlier script.<ref name="makingof"/> Many of the teenagers were sacked, with the remaining roles developed.<ref name="Ref_j">''Jaws 2: A Portrait by Actor Keith Gordon'', ''Jaws 2'' DVD, Written, directed and produced by Laurent Bouzereau</ref>

Three new mechanical sharks were constructed for the film. The first was the "platform shark", also referred to as the "luxurious shark". Special mechanical effects supervisor [[Robert Mattey]] and [[Roy Arbogast]] used the same body mold used for the shark in the first film.<ref name="makingof"/> The production had planned to refurbish and utilize the sharks from the original film, but it was discovered they had rusted and rotted away after having been stored behind sheds on the lower lot of Universal Studios in the intervening years. The only pieces that were salvageable were the bare frames, made from chromoly tubing. Mattey's design was much more complicated and ambitious than the first film. The same (male) body was used, but a brand new head was made by sculptor Chris Mueller which made use of an all-new mouth mechanism, one which incorporated jowls to disguise the pinching of the cheeks that had proven to be a problem with the shark in the original film. The sharks for ''Jaws 2'' were known as ''Bruce Two'' (the sharks for the original film had been nicknamed "Bruce", after Spielberg's lawyer), but on set they were referred to as "Fidel" and "Harold", the latter after David Brown's Beverly Hills lawyer.<ref name="kach77">{{harvnb|Kachmar|2002|p=77}}</ref>  The other shark props used were a fin and a full shark, both of which could be pulled by boats. "Cable Junction", the island shown in the film's climax, was actually a floating barge covered with fiber-glass rocks. This was created in order to enable the shark platform to be positioned to it as close as possible (a real island would have hindered this due to the upward slope of the seabed making the shark platform visible). Like the first film, footage of real sharks filmed by Australian divers [[Ron Taylor (diver)|Ron]] and [[Valerie Taylor (diver)|Valerie Taylor]] was used for movement shots that could not be convincingly achieved using the mechanical sharks.<ref name="makingof"/>

Although the first film was commended for leaving the shark to the imagination until two thirds of the way through, Szwarc felt that they should show it as much as possible because the dramatic "first image of it coming out of the water" in the first film could never be repeated. Szwarc believed that the reduction of the first film's [[Alfred Hitchcock|Hitchcockian]] suspense was inevitable because the audience already knew what the shark looked like from the first film. Reviewers have since commented that there was no way that they were ever going to duplicate the original's effectiveness. The filmmakers gave the new shark a more menacing look by scarring it in the early boat explosion.<ref name="makingof"/>

Like the previous film, filming on the ocean proved challenging. Scheider said that they were "always contending with tides, surf and winds ... jellyfish, sharks, waterspouts and hurricane warnings."<ref name="kach77"/> After spending hours anchoring the sailboats, the wind would change as they were ready to shoot, blowing the sails in the wrong direction. As in the first film, the saltwater's corrosive effect damaged the metal parts in the mechanical sharks, and some other equipment.<ref name="kach77"/>

[[Susan Ford]], daughter of U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]], was hired to shoot publicity photographs.<ref name="kach76">{{harvnb|Kachmar|2002|p=76}}</ref> Many of these photos appeared in Ray Loynd's ''Jaws 2 Log'', which documented the film's production, similar to the ''Jaws Log'', a best-selling book written by Carl Gottlieb covering production of the first film.