Editing Jet Propulsion Laboratory (section)

=== Deep space exploration ===
Building on the momentum from the successes of the 1960s and early 1970s, JPL initiated an era of deep space exploration in the late 1970s and 1980s. The highlight of this period was the launch of the twin [[Voyager program|Voyager spacecraft]] in 1977.<ref>{{Citation |title=Medieval Hebrew Manuscript Fragments in Switzerland: Some Highlights of the Discoveries |date=2013-01-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004258501_012 |work=Books within Books |pages=255–269 |access-date=2023-08-05 |publisher=BRILL |doi=10.1163/9789004258501_012 |isbn=9789004258501 |last1=Isserles |first1=Justine |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523064746/https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004258501/B9789004258501_012.xml |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> 
[[File:JPL Mission Control.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|JPL Mission Control]]
Initially set on a trajectory to explore Jupiter and its moon Io, ''[[Voyager 1]]''{{'}}s mission parameters were adjusted to also provide a close flyby of [[Saturn]]'s moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Witze |first=Alexandra |date=2017 |title=Space science: Voyager at 40 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/548392a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=548 |issue=7668 |pages=392 |doi=10.1038/548392a |bibcode=2017Natur.548..392W |s2cid=4407597 |issn=1476-4687 |access-date=August 5, 2023 |archive-date=August 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805082743/https://www.nature.com/articles/548392a |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The spacecraft sent back detailed images and data from both gas giants, revolutionizing the understanding of these distant worlds.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miner |first=Ellis D. |date=1990-07-01 |title=Voyager 2's Encounter with the Gas Giants |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881251 |journal=Physics Today |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=40–47 |doi=10.1063/1.881251 |bibcode=1990PhT....43g..40M |issn=0031-9228 |access-date=August 5, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523064734/https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article-abstract/43/7/40/406170/Voyager-2-s-Encounter-with-the-Gas-GiantsWhen?redirectedFrom=fulltext |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The ''[[Voyager 2]]'' spacecraft followed a more extensive trajectory, conducting flybys of not just Jupiter and Saturn, but also Uranus and Neptune.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=B. A. |last2=Soderblom |first2=L. A. |last3=Banfield |first3=D. |last4=Barnet |first4=c. |last5=Basilevsky |first5=A. T. |last6=Beebe |first6=R. F. |last7=Bollinger |first7=K. |last8=Boyce |first8=J. M. |last9=Brahic |first9=A. |last10=Briggs |first10=G. A. |last11=Brown |first11=R. H. |last12=Chyba |first12=c. |last13=Collins |first13=s. A. |last14=Colvin |first14=T. |last15=Cook |first15=A. F. |date=1989-12-15 |title=Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging Science Results |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4936.1422 |journal=Science |volume=246 |issue=4936 |pages=1422–1449 |doi=10.1126/science.246.4936.1422 |pmid=17755997 |bibcode=1989Sci...246.1422S |s2cid=45403579 |issn=0036-8075 |access-date=August 5, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523064818/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.246.4936.1422 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> These encounters provided firsthand data from all four gas giants, offering insights into the nature and dynamics of the outer planets. Both Voyager spacecraft, after fulfilling their primary mission objectives, were directed towards [[Outer space|interstellar space]], carrying with them the [[Voyager Golden Record|Golden Records]] – phonograph discs containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life on Earth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meehan |first=Pascale |date=2018-11-14 |title=Rural responses following collapse: insights from Monte El Santo, Oaxaca, Mexico |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2018.1537858 |journal=World Archaeology |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=328–345 |doi=10.1080/00438243.2018.1537858 |s2cid=158306370 |issn=0043-8243|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The 1980s also saw the inception of the [[Galileo project|''Galileo'' mission]] which launched in the late 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kivelson |first1=M. G. |last2=Khurana |first2=K. K. |last3=Russell |first3=C. T. |last4=Walker |first4=R. J. |last5=Warnecke |first5=J. |last6=Coroniti |first6=F. V. |last7=Polanskey |first7=C. |last8=Southwood |first8=D. J. |last9=Schubert |first9=G. |date=1996 |title=Discovery of Ganymede's magnetic field by the Galileo spacecraft |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/384537a0 |journal=Nature |volume=384 |issue=6609 |pages=537–541 |doi=10.1038/384537a0 |bibcode=1996Natur.384..537K |s2cid=4246607 |issn=0028-0836 |access-date=August 5, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523064740/https://www.nature.com/articles/384537a0 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[Galileo (spacecraft)|''Galileo'' spacecraft]] was designed to study [[Jupiter]] and its major moons in detail.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hricko |first=Jonathon |title=What Can the Discovery of Boron Tell Us About the Scientific Realism Debate? |date=2021-06-10 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946814.003.0003 |work=Contemporary Scientific Realism |pages=33–55 |access-date=2023-08-05 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/oso/9780190946814.003.0003 |isbn=978-0-19-094681-4 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523065238/https://academic.oup.com/book/39259/chapter-abstract/338811308?redirectedFrom=fulltext |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Although the probe only entered the gas giant's orbit in the 1990s, its inception and planning during the 1980s signified JPL's continued commitment to deep space exploration.