Editing Jewish diaspora (section)

==Under the Roman Empire==
{{see also|History of the Jews in the Roman Empire}}
<!--[[left|thumb|Expulsion of the Jews in the Reign of the Emperor [[Hadrian]] (135 CE): ''How Heraclius turned the Jews out of Jerusalem.'' (Facsimile of a Miniature in the ''Histoire des Empereurs'', Manuscript of the 15th century, in the Library of the Arsenal, Paris.)]]-->
The 13th-century author [[Bar Hebraeus]] gave a figure of 6,944,000 Jews in the Roman world. [[Salo Wittmayer Baron]] considered the figure convincing.<ref name="Baron">{{cite book | title = A Social and Religious History of the Jews, by Salo Wittmayer Baron ... Volume 1 of A Social and Religious History of the Jews| author = Salo Wittmayer Baron | publisher = Columbia University Press | page = 132 | year = 1937 }}</ref> The figure of seven million within and one million outside the Roman world in the mid-first century became widely accepted, including by [[Louis Feldman]]. However, contemporary scholars now accept that Bar Hebraeus based his figure on a census of total Roman citizens and thus, included non-Jews. The figure of 6,944,000 being recorded in [[Chronicon (Eusebius)|Eusebius' Chronicon]].<ref name="Bartlett">{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RQgW9NMML4wC&q=roman+empire+jews+8+million&pg=PA104 | title = Jews in the Hellenistic and Roman Cities | author = John R. Bartlett | publisher = Routledge. London and New york | year = 2002 | isbn = 9780203446348 }}</ref>{{rp| 90, 94, 104–05}}<ref name="Rutgers">{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r5yvfbc2W5UC&q=bar+hebraeus+first+century&pg=PA202| title = The Hidden Heritage of Diaspora Judaism: Volume 20 of Contributions to biblical exegesis and theology | author = Leonard Victor Rutgers| publisher = Peeters Publishers | page = 202|year = 1998| isbn = 9789042906662 }}</ref> Louis Feldman, previously an active supporter of the figure, now states that he and Baron were mistaken.<ref name="Feldman">{{cite book | title = Judaism And Hellenism Reconsidered | author = Louis H. Feldman| publisher = BRILL| year = 2006}}</ref>{{rp| 185}} [[Philo]] gives a figure of one million Jews living in Egypt.  John R. Bartlett rejects Baron's figures entirely, arguing that we have no clue as to the size of the Jewish demographic in the ancient world.<ref name="Bartlett"/>{{rp| 97–103}} The Romans did not distinguish between Jews inside and outside of the Land of Israel/Judaea. They collected an annual [[temple tax]] from Jews both in and outside of Israel.

The suppression of the [[Kitos War|diaspora uprisings]] of 116–117 CE resulted in the near-total destruction of Jewish communities in Cyrenaica and Egypt.<ref name=":02">{{Citation |last=Katz |first=Steven |title=Introduction |date=2006 |work=The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period |volume=4 |pages=2 |editor-last=Katz |editor-first=Steven T. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-judaism/introduction/792D4B01CB9B8EE0E698EA5D28970139 |access-date=2024-08-07 |series=The Cambridge History of Judaism |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/chol9780521772488.002 |isbn=978-0-521-77248-8}}</ref> By the third century, Jewish communities began to re-establish themselves in Egypt and Cyrenaica, primarily through immigration from the Land of Israel.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=Kerkeslager |first1=Allen |title=The Diaspora from 66 to c. 235 ce |date=2006 |work=The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period |volume=4 |pages=67–70 |editor-last=Katz |editor-first=Steven T. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-judaism/diaspora-from-66-to-c-235-ce/5AECAD54BE6CA31C7968EED92D6CA36A |access-date=2024-08-07 |series=The Cambridge History of Judaism |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/chol9780521772488.004 |isbn=978-0-521-77248-8 |last2=Setzer |first2=Claudia |last3=Trebilco |first3=Paul |last4=Goodblatt |first4=David|url-access=subscription }}</ref>