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Jumping spider
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===Jumping=== [[File:Unidentified Salticid Jumping with Trailing Dragline.jpg|thumb|Unidentified salticid jumping with trailing dragline]] Many other arthropods are known to jump, including [[grasshopper]]s, [[flea]]s, [[leafhopper]]s, and [[Talitridae|sand fleas]]. Jumping spiders are different from these animals because they are able to make accurate, targeted jumps. Jumps are used for navigation, to escape danger, and to catch prey. When jumping, they use mainly their third or fourth pair of legs, or both pairs, depending on species.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046696/ Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces]</ref> Jumping spiders' well-developed internal [[hydraulics|hydraulic]] system extends their limbs by altering the pressure of their body fluid ([[hemolymph]]) within them.<ref name="ParBrow1959">{{cite journal|author1=Parry, D.A. |author2=Brown, R.H.J |title= The jumping mechanism of salticid spiders |journal= Journal of Experimental Biology |year=1959|volume= 36 |issue=4|pages= 654β664|doi=10.1242/jeb.36.4.654 |bibcode=1959JExpB..36..654P |url=https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/36/4/654/13286/The-Jumping-Mechanism-of-Salticid-Spiders|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This enables the spiders to jump without having large muscular legs like a [[grasshopper]]. The maximum horizontal jump distance varies greatly between species, with some capable of jumping two or three body lengths, while the jump of an individual ''[[Colonus puerperus]]'' was measured at 38 times the body length.<ref name="Hill2018">{{cite journal|author1=Hill, D.E. |title= The jumping behavior of jumping spiders: a review |journal= Peckhamia |year=2018|volume= 167 |issue=1|pages= 1β8|url=https://peckhamia.com/peckhamia/PECKHAMIA_167.1.pdf }}</ref> The accuracy of their jumps is mediated by their well-developed visual system and the ability to quickly process visual information to tailor each jump.<ref name="Hill2006">{{cite web |author1=Hill, D.E. |title=Targeted jumps by salticid spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, ''Phidippus'') |version=v. 9 |website=The Peckham Society |date=15 December 2006 | url=https://www.peckhamia.com/epublications/Hill%202006%20Targeted%20jumps%20by%20salticid%20spiders%20V9%20EB%20PDF.pdf}}</ref><ref name="HarLiJack2012">{{cite book |last1=Harland |first1=D.P. |last2=Li |first2=D. |last3=Jackson |first3=R.R.|year=2012 |editor-last1=Lazareva |editor-first1=O.F. |editor-last2=Shimizu |editor-first2=T |title=How Animals See the World: Comparative behavior, biology, and evolution of vision |publisher=Oxford University Press |orig-date=1st pub. 2012 |pages=133β163 |chapter=Chapter 9: How Jumping Spiders See the World |chapter-url= https://academic.oup.com/book/10753/chapter-abstract/158855659?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false |isbn= 978-0-19-993316-7}}</ref> When a jumping spider moves from place to place, and especially just before it jumps, it [[tether]]s a filament of [[Spider silk|silk]] (or 'dragline') to whatever it is standing on.<ref name=RichEdwaCutl05/><ref name=BBCLargest/> This dragline provides a mechanical aid to jumping, including braking and stabilization<ref name="Hill2006"/><ref name="CheLiaTsaChi2013">{{cite journal|author1=Chen, Y. |author2=Ciao, C. |author3=Tsai, F. |author4=Chi, K. |title= More than a safety line: jump-stabilizing silk of salticids |journal= Journal of the Royal Society Interface |year=2013|volume= 10:20130572 |issue=87 |doi=10.1098/rsif.2013.0572 |pmid=23925983 |pmc=3758018 }}</ref> and if the jump should fail, the spider climbs back up the dragline.<ref name="Rainer F. Foelix p. 11"/>
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