Editing Kabyle language (section)

=== Number of speakers ===
Estimates on the number of Kabyle speakers in the region vary widely, with different dates and data given for different points of time. As such the number of Kabyle speakers varies considerably depending on different sources given. French ethnologist {{ill|Camille Lacoste-Dujardin|fr}} estimates four million Kabyle speakers in 2001 in Algeria.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lacoste-Dujardin |first=Camille |date=2001 |title=Géographie culturelle et géopolitique en Kabylie La révolte de la jeunesse kabyle pour une Algérie démocratique |url=http://www.cairn.info/revue-herodote-2001-4-page-57.htm |journal=Hérodote |language=fr |volume=103 |issue=4 |page=61 |doi=10.3917/her.103.0057 |issn=0338-487X |doi-access=free |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225040017/https://www.cairn.info/revue-herodote-2001-4-page-57.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the ''[[International Encyclopedia of Linguistics]]'' there were {{sigfig|2.537000|2}} million speakers in Kabylia in 2003 out of {{sigfig|3.123000|2}} million worldwide.<ref name="IEL2003">{{Cite book |last=Frawley |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&pg=PA221 |title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set |date=May 2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-513977-8 |language=en |access-date=2023-01-29 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221163540/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&pg=PA221 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2004, Canadian linguist {{ill|Jacques Leclerc (linguist)|fr|Jacques Leclerc (linguiste)}} estimated that there were {{sigfig|3.050800|2}} million Kabyle speakers in Algeria (9.4% of the total Algerian population)<ref name=laval/> and {{sigfig|537000|1}} in France.<ref>{{Cite web |title=France: 1) généralités |url=https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/europe/france-1demo.htm |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca |archive-date=2023-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222175742/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/europe/france-1demo.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Salem Chaker]] estimated there were 5.5 million speakers in 2004, including 3 to 3.5 in Kabylia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chaker |first=S. |date=2004-05-01 |title=Kabylie : La langue |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/1431 |journal=Encyclopédie berbère |language=fr |issue=26 |pages=4055–4066 |doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1431 |issn=1015-7344 |doi-access=free |access-date=2022-12-22 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183115/https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/1431 |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''[[Encyclopædia Universalis]]'' gives 7 million Kabyle speakers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Définition de kabyle - Encyclopædia Universalis |url=https://www.universalis.fr/dictionnaire/kabyle/ |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=[[Encyclopædia Universalis]] |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223201947/https://www.universalis.fr/dictionnaire/kabyle/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Universalis>{{Cite book|chapter=Kabyle|title=Encyclopædia Universalis|language=fr|first1=M'Barek|last1=Redjala|first2=Bouziane|last2=Semmoud|url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/kabyles/|access-date=2023-02-23|editor-first=Gilles|editor-last=Quinsat|archive-date=2023-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117151634/https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/kabyles/|url-status=live}}</ref> The French [[Ministry of Culture (France)|Ministry of Culture]] estimated there were one million Kabyle speakers in France in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapport du Comité consultatif pour la promotion des langues régionales et de la pluralité linguistique interne (2013) |url=https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Thematiques/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/Agir-pour-les-langues/Promouvoir-les-langues-de-France/Nos-publications/Rapport-du-Comite-consultatif-pour-la-promotion-des-langues-regionales-et-de-la-pluralite-linguistique-interne-2013 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=www.culture.gouv.fr |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2022-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225125050/https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Thematiques/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/Agir-pour-les-langues/Promouvoir-les-langues-de-France/Nos-publications/Rapport-du-Comite-consultatif-pour-la-promotion-des-langues-regionales-et-de-la-pluralite-linguistique-interne-2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Linguist Matthias Brenzinger estimates the number of Kabyle speakers in Algeria at between 2.5 and 3 million in 2015.<ref name=Brenzinger>
{{Cite book |title=Language Diversity Endangered |date=2015 |first=Matthias |last=Brenzinger |editor-first1=Matthias |editor-last1=Brenzinger |isbn=978-3-11-090569-4 |location=Berlin |oclc=979749010|page=133|publisher=De Gruyter|doi=10.1515/9783110905694|url=https://archive.org/details/languagediversit0000unse_r6h5}}</ref> Bruce Maddy-Weitzman's 2018 estimate is more than 5 million Kabyle speakers in Kabylie.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018-09-20 |last=Maddy-Weitzman |first=Bruce |title=The Berbers (Amazigh) |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315626031-23/berbers-amazigh-bruce-maddy-weitzman |journal=Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East |editor-first=Paul S |editor-last=Rowe|language=en |page=314 |doi=10.4324/9781315626031-23|isbn=9781315626031 |s2cid=187966078 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Maddy-Weitzman |first=Bruce |chapter=Berbers (Amazigh) |date=2015-12-30 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118663202.wberen411 |title=The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism |page=1 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=Anthony D |editor-link1=Anthony D. Smith |place=Oxford, UK |publisher=Wiley |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781118663202.wberen411 |isbn=978-1-118-66320-2 |access-date=2022-12-23 |editor2-last=Hou |editor2-first=Xiaoshuo |editor3-last=Stone |editor3-first=John |editor4-last=Dennis |editor4-first=Rutledge |editor-link4=Rutledge Dennis |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223214637/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118663202.wberen411 |url-status=live }}</ref> Linguist [[Asya Pereltsvaig]] gives 5.6 million Kabyle speakers worldwide in 2020, mostly in Algeria.<ref name=Pereltsvaig2020>{{Cite book |last=Pereltsvaig |first=Asya|author-link=Asya Pereltsvaig|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108783071 |title=Languages of the World: An Introduction |date=2020-09-03 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-78307-1|chapter=6.3 Berber languages|page=203|doi=10.1017/9781108783071 }}</ref> In 2021, Amina Mettouchi, professor of Berber linguistics, estimated the number of speakers at five million worldwide and more than three million in Algeria.<ref name="Mettouchi">{{cite journal | last=Mettouchi | first=Amina | title=Negation in Kabyle (Berber) | year=2021 | publisher=Journal of African Languages and Literatures | doi=10.6092/JALALIT.V2I2.8059 | url=http://www.tema.unina.it/index.php/jalalit/article/view/8059 | access-date=22 Feb 2023 | archive-date=11 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111092157/http://www.tema.unina.it/index.php/jalalit/article/view/8059 | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, according to ''[[Ethnologue]]'' there were {{sigfig|7.489300|2}} million speakers worldwide, including {{sigfig|6.410000|2}} million in Algeria.<ref name=e26>{{e26|kab}}</ref>