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Keres language
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===Consonants=== The chart below contains the consonants of the [[Proto-language|proto]]-Keresan (or pre-Keresan) from [[Wick R. Miller|Miller]] & Davis (1963) based on a comparison of Acoma, Santa Ana, and Santo Domingo, as well as other features of the dialects compiled from ''The Language of Santa Ana Pueblo'' (1964), ''Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics'' (1987), and ''The Phonemes of Keresan'' (1946), and the ''Grammar of Laguna Keres'' (2005).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=A Comparative Sketch of Pueblo Languages: Phonology|publisher=Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics|year=1987}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=The Phonemes of Keresan|last=Spencer|first=Robert F.|year=1946}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> :{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !colspan="2" | ![[Labial consonant|Labial]] ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] ![[Velar consonant|Velar]] ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPAlink|m}} |{{IPAlink|n}} |{{IPAlink|刹}} | | | |- !<small>glottalized</small> |{{IPAlink|m藔}} |{{IPAlink|n藔}} |{{IPAlink|刹藔}} | | | |- ! rowspan="3" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]] !<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small> |{{IPAlink|p}} || {{IPAlink|t}} || {{IPAlink|c}} || || {{IPAlink|k}} || {{IPAlink|蕯}} |- !<small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small> |{{IPAlink|p拾}} || {{IPAlink|t拾}} || {{IPAlink|c拾}} || || {{IPAlink|k拾}} | |- !<small>[[Ejective consonant|ejective]]</small> |{{IPAlink|p始}} || {{IPAlink|t始}} || {{IPAlink|c始}} | || {{IPAlink|k始}} | |- ! rowspan="3" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]] !<small>voiceless</small> | |{{IPAlink|ts}} |{{IPAlink|t蕛}} |{{IPAlink|t蕚}} | | |- !<small>aspirated</small> | |{{IPAlink|ts拾}} |{{IPAlink|t蕛拾}} |{{IPAlink|t蕚拾}} | | |- !<small>ejective</small> | |{{IPAlink|ts始}} |{{IPAlink|t蕛始}} |{{IPAlink|t蕚始}} | | |- !rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] !<small>voiceless</small> | || {{IPAlink|s}} || {{IPAlink|蕛}} || {{IPAlink|蕚}} || |{{IPA link|h}} |- !<small>ejective</small> | || {{IPAlink|s始}} || {{IPAlink|蕛始}} || {{IPAlink|蕚始}} || | |- !rowspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] !<small>voiced</small> |{{IPAlink|w}} || {{IPAlink|删}} || {{IPAlink|j}} || | | |- !<small>[[Glottalic consonant|glottalized]]</small> |{{IPAlink|w藔}} || {{IPAlink|删藔}} || {{IPAlink|j藔}} || | | |}
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