Editing Kikai Caldera (section)

===Kikai-Akahoya eruption===
[[File:Kikai K-Ah tephra 7,3ka.svg|thumb|left|alt=Impact|Kikai-Kikai-Akahoya (K-Ah) [[tephra]] and pyroclastic flow impact from [[Akahoya eruption|Kikai-Akahoya eruption]]]]
{{main|Akahoya eruption}}
The caldera was the source of the [[Akahoya eruption|Kikai-Akahoya eruption]], one of the largest eruptions during the [[Holocene]] (10,000&nbsp;years ago to present) that produced the Kikai-Akahoya (K-Ah) [[tephra]].<ref name="Tsuji2018">{{cite journal|first1=Tomohiro |last1=Tsuji|first2= Michiharu |last2=Ikeda|first3= Akira |last3=Furusawa|first4= Chisato |last4=Nakamura|first5= Kiyoshi |last5=Ichikawa|first6= Makoto |last6=Yanagida|first7= Naoki |last7=Nishizaka|first8= Kozo |last8=Ohnishi|first9= Yuki |last9=Ohno|title=High resolution record of Quaternary explosive volcanism recorded in fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the Uwa basin, southwest Japan |journal=Quaternary International |volume=471 |year=2018 |pages=278–297 |issn=1040-6182 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.016 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018QuInt.471..278T }}</ref> Between 7,200 and 7,300&nbsp;years ago,<ref name="Tsuji2018"/><ref name="Okuno2019">{{cite journal |last1=Okuno |first1=Mitsuru |date=2019-04-15 |title=Chronological study on widespread tephra and volcanic stratigraphy of the past 100,000 years |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosoc/125/1/125_2018.0069/_article/-char/en |journal=The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=41–53 |doi=10.5575/geosoc.2018.0069 |issn=1349-9963 |s2cid=146526393|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Smith2013">{{cite journal|first1=Victoria C. |last1=Smith|first2= Richard A. |last2=Staff|first3= Simon P.E. |last3=Blockley|first4= Christopher Bronk |last4=Ramsey|first5= Takeshi |last5=Nakagawa|first6= Darren F. |last6=Mark|first7= Keiji |last7=Takemura|first8= Toru |last8=Danhara |title=Identification and correlation of visible tephras in the Lake Suigetsu SG06 sedimentary archive, Japan: chronostratigraphic markers for synchronising of east Asian/west Pacific palaeoclimatic records across the last 150 ka |journal= Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=67|year=2013 | pages=121–137 |issn=0277-3791 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.026 |bibcode=2013QSRv...67..121S |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113000413 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[pyroclastic flow]]s producing Koya [[ignimbrite]] from that eruption reached the coast of southern [[Kyūshū]] up to {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} away, and ash fell as far as [[Hokkaido]]. The eruption produced about {{cvt|133|–|183|km3|cumi}}&nbsp;[[Dense rock equivalent|DRE]], most of it tephra.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108017 |author1=Satoshi Shimizu |author2=Reina Nakaoka |author3=Nobukazu Seama |author4=Keiko Suzuki-Kamata |author5=Katsuya Kaneko |author6=Koji Kiyosugi |author7=Hikaru Iwamaru |author8=Mamoru Sano |author9=Tetsuo Matsuno |author10=Hiroko Sugioka |author11=Yoshiyuki Tatsumi |date=2024 |title= Submarine pyroclastic deposits from 7.3 ka caldera-forming Kikai-Akahoya eruption|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume= |issue=108017 |pages=|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=GVP>{{cite gvp|vn=282060|title=Kikai: Eruptive History|accessdate=2024-02-26}}</ref> giving it a [[Volcanic Explosivity Index]] of 7,<ref name=GVP /> so making it one of the most explosive in the last 10,000 years, ranking alongside the eruptions of [[Santorini]], [[Paektu Mountain|Paektu]], [[Crater Lake]], [[Kurile Lake]], [[Lake Segara Anak|Samalas]] and [[Mount Tambora|Tambora]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allcountries.org/ranks/volcano_explocivity_index_ranks.html |title=Large Volcano Explocivity Index |work=Countries of the World |access-date=2014-04-24}}</ref>

The eruption had a major impact on the [[Jōmon culture]] in southern [[Kyūshū]] although the impact was not as great as some commentary had suggested with Nishinozono sub-type pottery tradition, that had started prior to the eruption, maintained in Kyūshū.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sainsbury-institute.org/e-bulletin/april-2021/after-a-super-volcanic-eruption-a-new-project-on-social-ecological-impacts-of-the-kikai-akahoya-disaster-7300-years-ago/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |title=After a Super Volcanic Eruption: a new project on social-ecological impacts of the Kikai-Akahoya disaster, 7,300 years ago| year=2021 |first1=Uchiyama |last1=Junzo}}</ref>