Editing Labeling theory (section)

===Edwin Lemert===
Edwin M. Lemert was an influential American sociologist and criminologist known for his contributions to labeling theory and the study of social deviance.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Rosenburg |first=Michael |date=2010 |title=Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n151 |journal=SAGE Publications, Inc.|doi=10.4135/9781412959193.n151 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> He introduced the concepts of '''primary''' and '''secondary deviance'''—primary deviance being minor, initial acts of rule-breaking that don't alter self-identity, and secondary deviance occurring when an individual internalizes the deviant label imposed by society, leading to further deviant behavior. Lemert’s work emphasized how societal reactions to deviance can reinforce and escalate it, shaping an individual’s identity as deviant. Lemert's popular books, such as '''"Social Pathology"''' (1951) and '''"Human Deviance, Social Problems, and Social Control"''' (1967), have had a lasting impact on criminology and sociology.<ref name=":6" /> [[Edwin Lemert]] writes: "His acts are repeated and organized subjectively and transformed into active roles and become the social criteria for assigning status.…When a person begins to employ his deviant behavior or a role based on it as a means of defense, attack, or adjustment to the overt and covert problems created by the consequent societal reaction to him, his deviation is secondary."<ref>[[Edwin Lemert|Lemert, Edwin M]]. 1951. ''[[iarchive:socialpathologys00leme|Social Pathology]]''. New York: [[McGraw-Hill Education|Mcgraw-Hill]].</ref>{{Rp|75–6}}