Editing Lambda phage (section)

==== N antitermination ====
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|footer =N Antitermination requires the assembly of a large ribonucleoprotein complex to effectively prolong the anti-termination process, without the full  complex the RNA polymerase is able to bypass only a single terminator<ref name="Korlach 2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Santangelo TJ, Artsimovitch I | title = Termination and antitermination: RNA polymerase runs a stop sign | journal = Nature Reviews. Microbiology | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 319–329 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21478900 | pmc = 3125153 | doi = 10.1038/nrmicro2560 }}</ref>

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This occurs without the N protein interacting with the DNA; the protein instead binds to the freshly transcribed mRNA. Nut sites contain 3 conserved "boxes", of which only BoxB is essential.
# The boxB RNA sequences are located close to the 5' end of the pL and pR transcripts. When transcribed, each sequence forms a hairpin loop structure that the N protein can bind to.
# N protein binds to boxB in each transcript, and contacts the transcribing RNA polymerase via RNA looping. The N-RNAP complex is stabilized by subsequent binding of several host Nus (N utilisation substance) proteins (which include transcription termination/antitermination factors and, bizarrely, a ribosome subunit).
# The entire complex (including the bound ''Nut'' site on the mRNA) continues transcription, and can skip through termination sequences.