Editing Levallois technique (section)

==Locations==
===Africa===
*  '''Kenya''': Large Levallois flakes struck from boulder cores have been found at the [[Kapthurin|Kapthurin Formation]] site in western Kenya, near [[Lake Bogoria]] and [[Lake Baringo]]. The earliest examples come from the Leaky Handaxe Area and the Factory Site. Both examples feature large flakes, approximately 10–20&nbsp;cm in diameter, and have been reliably dated to 400 thousand years ago.<ref name="Shipton2022"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tryon|first1=Christian A.|last2=McBrearty|first2=Sally|last3=Texier|first3=Pierre-Jean|title=Levallois Lithic Technology from the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya: Acheulian Origin and Middle Stone Age Diversity|journal=African Archaeological Review|date=December 2005|volume=22|issue=4|doi=10.1007/s10437-006-9002-5|pages=199–229|s2cid=12169201}}</ref>
* '''Morocco''': At [[Jebel Irhoud]], a former [[barite]] mine located 100&nbsp;km west of [[Marrakesh]], Levallois tools have been found. Dated as approximately 315,000 years old<ref>{{Cite journal | url=https://www.nature.com/news/oldest-homo-sapiens-fossil-claim-rewrites-our-species-history-1.22114 | doi=10.1038/nature.2017.22114| title=Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history| journal=Nature| year=2017| last1=Callaway| first1=Ewen| url-access=subscription}}</ref> in 2017, the finds were highly significant to the understanding of both the development of this technique and early humans. John McNabb, archaeologist at the [[University of Southampton]] said of this: "The tools the people at Jebel Irhoud were making were based on a knapping technique called Levallois, a sophisticated way of shaping stone tools. The date of 315,000 years ago adds to a growing realisation that Levallois originates a lot earlier than we thought. Is Jebel Irhoud telling us that this new technology is linked to the emergence of the hominin line that will lead to modern humans? Does the new find imply there was more than one hominin lineage in Africa at this time? It really stirs the pot."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/07/oldest-homo-sapiens-bones-ever-found-shake-foundations-of-the-human-story |title=Oldest Homo sapiens bones ever found shake foundations of the human story |last=Sample |first=Ian |date=2017-06-07 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>
* '''Egypt''': Within the banks of the [[Nile River]], excavations have located Levalloisean implements within the 30-, 15-, and 10-foot terraces. Within the 30-foot terrace, the implements were originally thought to be early [[Mousterian]], but were later reclassified. The 15- and 10-foot terraces again were classified first as Egyptian Mousterian, but later as developed Levalloisean.<ref name=Langer>{{cite book | title = An Encyclopedia of World History | editor-last = Langer | editor-first = William L. | edition = 5th | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | location = Boston, MA | year = 1972 | isbn = 978-0-395-13592-1 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/9 9] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/9 }}</ref>

===Asia===
* '''Syria/Israel''': Excavated within a stratigraphic column containing tools from this culture.<ref name=Langer/>
* '''India''': the open-air stratified prehistoric site of [[Attirampakkam]], India, has shown that processes signifying the end of the Acheulian culture and the emergence of a Middle Palaeolithic culture occurred at 385 ± 64 thousand years ago. (ka)<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1038/nature25444|pmid = 29388951| title=Early Middle Palaeolithic culture in India around 385–172 ka reframes Out of Africa models| journal=Nature| volume=554| issue=7690| pages=97–101| year=2018| last1=Akhilesh| first1=Kumar| last2=Pappu| first2=Shanti| last3=Rajapara| first3=Haresh M.| last4=Gunnell| first4=Yanni| last5=Shukla| first5=Anil D.| last6=Singhvi| first6=Ashok K.| bibcode=2018Natur.554...97A |s2cid = 4447452}}</ref>
* '''Iran''': Levallois products have been discovered in Middle Paleolithic sites of the Zagros region including Bisitun cave, Warwasi, Darai, Kunji, Do-Ashkaft. There are a number of Middle Paleolithic sites in Central Iran that yielded Levallois flakes and blades including Mirak, Niasar, and Parvadeh.<ref>Dibble, H.L. (1984) The Mousterian Industry from Bisitun Cave (Iran). Paléorient 10(2):23–34.
</ref><ref>Dibble, H.L., & S.J. Holdaway (1993).  The Middle Paleolithic Industries of Warwasi. In The Paleolithic Prehistory of the Zagros-Taurus, edited by D.I. Olszewsky and H.L. Dibble, pp.75–99. Philadelphia: University Museum Symposium Series, Volume 5, University of Pennsylvania.
</ref><ref>Biglari, F., (2007) Approvisionnement et utilisation des matières premières au Paléolithique moyen dans la plaine de Kermanshah (Iran) : le cas de la Grotte Do-Ashkaft, Aires d'approvisionnement en matières premières et aires d'approvisionnement en ressources alimentaires, Approche intégrée des comportements. Proceedings of the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4–9 September 2006) Vol. 5, pp. 227–239. Edited by Marie-Hélène Moncel, Anne-Marie Moigne, Marta Arzarello and Carlo Peretto. BAR International Series 1725
</ref>
* '''Afghanistan''': Implements located in the [[Haibak]] valley.<ref name=Langer/>
* '''North-east Asia''': The extension of the Levallois method to this part of the world now seems undoubtable with recent evidence at Shuidonggou (Northern China) in Mongolia and Altai-Siberia, dating from the Late Pleistocene.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Boëda | first1 = E.   | year = 2013 | title = Levallois and non-Levallois blade production at Shuidonggou in Ningxia, North China | journal = Quaternary International | volume = 295 | pages = 191–203 | doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.020| bibcode = 2013QuInt.295..191B }}</ref>
* '''Hong Kong''': [[Wong Tei Tung]] in [[Sai Kung District|Sai Kung]] located in the east [[New Territories]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hk.crntt.com/crn-webapp/cbspub/secDetail.jsp?bookid=37163&secid=37202|title=中國評論學術出版社|website=hk.crntt.com}}</ref>
* '''Pakistan''': The [[Soanian]] techno-complex from the Soan Valley located in northern Pakistan, has been identified as a Mode-3 Levallois complex.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lycett|first1=Stephen J.|title=Is the Soanian tech-complex a Mode 1 or Mode 3 phenomenon? A morphometric assessment|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science|date=2007|volume=34|issue=9|pages=1434–1440|doi=10.1016/j.jas.2006.11.001|bibcode=2007JArSc..34.1434L }}</ref>
*'''China''': Evidence of Levallois  technology from the lithic assemblage of the [[Guanyindong]] Cave site in [[southwest China]], dated to approximately 170,000–80,000 years ago, is presented by Hu ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Yue |last2=Marwick |first2=Ben |last3=Zhang |first3=Jia-Fu |last4=Rui |first4=Xue |last5=Hou |first5=Ya-Mei |last6=Yue |first6=Jian-Ping |last7=Chen |first7=Wen-Rong |last8=Huang |first8=Wei-Wen |last9=Li |first9=Bo |title=Late Middle Pleistocene Levallois stone-tool technology in southwest China |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7737 |pages=82–85 |date=19 November 2018 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0710-1|pmid=30455423 |s2cid=53873016 }}</ref> The first discovered blade site in China was in Shuidonggou in 1923 by Vincent and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. When they excavated the location, twelve localities were founded and had an age range of roughly 40,000–10,000 BP. Out of the twelve localities, SDG1 proved to be most important with the discovery of numerous unique, elongated blanks and Levallois-like cores found.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Peng|first1=Fei|last2=Wang|first2=Huimin|last3=Gao|first3=Xing|title=Blade production of Shuidonggou Locality (Northwest China): A technological perspective|journal=Quaternary International|date=2014|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.041|volume=347|pages=12–20|bibcode=2014QuInt.347...12P |doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Southern Caucasus===
* '''Armenia''': [[Nor Geghi]]: one archaeological site.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Adler|first1=D. S.|last2=Wilkinson|first2=K. N.|last3=Blockley|first3=S.|last4=Mark|first4=D. F.|last5=Pinhasi|first5=R.|last6=Schmidt-Magee|first6=B. A.|last7=Nahapetyan|first7=S.|last8=Mallol|first8=C.|last9=Berna|first9=F.|date=2014-09-26|title=Early Levallois technology and the Lower to Middle Paleolithic transition in the Southern Caucasus|journal=Science|language=en|volume=345|issue=6204|pages=1609–1613|doi=10.1126/science.1256484|issn=0036-8075|pmid=25258079|bibcode=2014Sci...345.1609A |s2cid=10266660}}</ref> The artifacts, found preserved in soil under a later lava flow and dated at 325,000–335,000 years old, were a mix of two distinct stone tool technology traditions: [[bifacial]] tools and Levallois tools. Daniel Adler suggests that the coexistence of bifacial and Levallois tools at the site provides the first clear evidence that local populations developed Levallois technology out of existing bifacial technology, and that the artifacts found at Nor Geghi reflect the technological flexibility and variability of a single population. He further concludes that this challenges the view that technological change resulted from population change, and suggests instead that Levallois technology developed independently from existing technology within different human populations who shared a common technological ancestry.<ref>Prehistoric Stone Tools Evolved Independently Within Local Populations, Say Researchers". Popular Archaeology, September 2014. [http://popular-archaeology.com/issue/june-2013/article/prehistoric-stone-tools-evolved-independently-within-local-populations-say-researchers]</ref>