Editing Liberal conservatism (section)

== Liberal-conservative parties or parties with liberal-conservative factions ==
{{Incomplete list|date=January 2023}}
=== Current parties ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* '''{{flag|Albania}}''': [[Democratic Party of Albania]]<ref>http://www.eliamep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/bn1.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Algeria}}''': [[Democratic National Rally]]
* '''{{flag|Andorra}}''': [[Democrats for Andorra]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfmUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT197|title=Party Politics in European Microstates|last1=Casal Bértoa|first1=Fernando|last2=Dumont|first2=Patrick|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2022|access-date=2023-04-13|page=184|isbn=978-1-315-20677-6}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Argentina}}''': [[Republican Proposal]]<ref>Sergio D. Morresi & Gabriel Vommaro, [http://live.v1.udesa.edu.ar/files/UAHumanidades/EVENTOS/PaperMorresi040413.pdf The Difficulties of the Partisan Right in Argentina: The Case of the PRO Party] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221635/http://live.v1.udesa.edu.ar/files/UAHumanidades/EVENTOS/PaperMorresi040413.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}, Draft, March 2013</ref>
* '''{{flag|Australia}}''': [[Country Liberal Party]], [[Liberal Party of Australia]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=Right-Wing Politicians Prefer the Emotional Left |journal=PLOS ONE |author1=Nicole A. Thomas |author2=Tobias Loetscher |author3=Danielle Clode |author4=Mike Nicholls |date=May 2, 2012 |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=4 |quote=The Liberal Party of Australia has an ideology in line with liberal conservatism and is therefore right of centre. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0036552 |pmid=22567166 |pmc=3342249 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...736552T|doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Liberal National Party of Queensland]], [[National Party of Australia]]
* '''{{flag|Austria}}''': [[Austrian People's Party]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Ralph P Güntzel |title=Understanding "Old Europe": An Introduction to the Culture, Politics, and History of France, Germany, and Austria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8gJ4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162 |year=2010 |publisher=Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag |isbn=978-3-8288-5300-3 |page=162}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Bahamas}}''': [[Free National Movement]]
* '''{{flag|Belarus}}''': [[United Civic Party of Belarus]]<ref name="Bugajski2002">{{cite book |author=Janusz Bugajski |title=Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gGKtLTQlUcC |year=2002 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=978-1-56324-676-0}}</ref>{{rp|22}}
* '''{{flag|Botswana}}''': [[Botswana Democratic Party]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Policy and Institutional Dynamics of Sustained Development in Botswana|last=Maipose|first=Gervase S.|journal=Commission on Growth and Development|date=2008|issue=35|pages=20–21|hdl=10986/28032}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Brazil}}''': [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Liberal Party]], [[Democratic Renewal Party (Brazil)|Democratic Renewal Party]], [[Republicans (Brazil)]], [[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]], [[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]]
* '''{{flag|Bulgaria}}''': [[Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)|Union of Democratic Forces]],<ref name="Lewis2002">{{cite book |author=Paul Lewis |title=Political Parties in Post-Communist Eastern Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01GFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA53 |year=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-63437-8 |page=53}}</ref> [[GERB|Citizens for the Development of Bulgaria]]<ref name=“Schüler2016”>{{cite book|author= Sonja Schüler|chapter=“I am not so much afraid of the Minister of Culture, but rather of the Minister’s Culture” About the Lack of Political Legitimacy in Bulgaria|editor= Sonja Schüler|title=Exchange, Dialogue, New Divisions?: Ethnic Groups and Political Cultures in Eastern Europe|publisher= LIT Verlag Münster|year=2016|isbn= 9783643802095|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLX6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA163|page=163}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Canada}}''': [[Conservative Party of Canada]]<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Michel Ducharme |editor2=Jean-François Constant |title=Liberalism and Hegemony: Debating the Canadian Liberal Revolution |date=2009 |page=150 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=9780802098825 }}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Chile}}''': [[National Renewal (Chile)|National Renewal]]<ref>{{Citation |first1=Craig |last1=Arceneaux |first2=David |last2=Pion-Berlin |title=Transforming Latin America: The International And Domestic Origins Of Change |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=2005 |page=148}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Costa Rica}}''': [[Social Christian Unity Party]]
* '''{{flag|Cyprus}}''': [[Democratic Rally]]
* '''{{flag|Czech Republic}}''': [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=John Nagle |author2=Alison Mahr |title=Democracy and Democratization: Post-Communist Europe in Comparative Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RLRuXV9vjswC&pg=PA188 |year=1999 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-0-7619-5679-2 |page=188}}</ref><ref name="Bakke2010">{{cite book |author=Elizabeth Bakke |chapter=Central and Eastern European party systems since 1989 |editor=Sabrina P. Ramet |title=Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C&pg=PA78 |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-48750-4 |page=78}}</ref> [[TOP 09]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Otto Eibl |author2=Michal Pink |chapter=Election Results, Candidate Lists and the Framing of Campaigns |editor1=Ruxandra Boicu |editor2=Silvia Branea |editor3=Adriana Stefanel |title=Political Communication and European Parliamentary Elections in Times of Crisis: Perspectives from Central and South-Eastern Europe |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9vQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA258 |year=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-58591-2 |page=258}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Croatia}}''': [[Croatian Democratic Union]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tris.com.hr/2016/06/portret-tjedna-andrej-plenkovic-kandidat-za-sefa-hdz-a-salonski-politicar-i-hdz-ov-liberal-antipod-karamarku/|title = Portret tjedna/Andrej Plenković, kandidat za šefa HDZ-a: Salonski političar i HDZ-ov liberal, antipod Karamarku|date = 25 June 2016}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Denmark}}''': {{lang|da|[[Venstre (Denmark)|Venstre]]|italic=no}},<ref name="HumphreysSteed1988"/> [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/denmark.html|title=Denmark|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2019|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Egypt}}''': [[Egyptian Wafd Party|New Wafd Party]]
*'''{{flag|Estonia}}''': [[Estonian Reform Party]]<ref name="Duvold2017">{{cite book |author=Kjetil Duvold |chapter=When Left and Right is a Matter of Identity: Overlapping Political Dimensions in Estonia and Latvia |editor1=Andrey Makarychev |editor2=Alexandra Yatsyk |title=Borders in the Baltic Sea Region: Suturing the Ruptures|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3NB5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-352-00014-6 |page=132}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Fiji}}''': [[People's Alliance (Fiji)|People's Alliance]], [[Social Democratic Liberal Party]]
* '''{{flag|Finland}}''': [[National Coalition Party]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Mads Dagnis Jensen |chapter=The Nordic Countries and the European Parliament |editor1=Caroline Howard Grøn |editor2=Peter Nedergaard |editor3=Anders Wivel |title=The Nordic Countries and the European Union: Still the Other European Community?|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x2vABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-53661-1 |page=89}}</ref> [[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre Party]]<ref name="EED">{{cite web|url=https://nsd.no/european_election_database/country/finland/parties.html|work=Norwegian Centre for Research Data|title=Finland—Political parties|access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|France}}''': [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/france.html|title=France|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2017|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424070610/https://parties-and-elections.eu/france.html|archive-date=24 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Germany}}''': [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Martin Steven |year=2018 |chapter=Conservatism in Europe—The Political Thought of Christian Democracy |editor=Mark Garnett |title=Conservative Moments: Reading Conservative Texts |series=Textual Moments in the History of Political Thought |location=London |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |page=96 |isbn=9781350001558 |oclc=1006441779}}</ref> [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]],<ref name="Smith1995">{{cite book|author=Gordon Smith|chapter=The Moderate Right in the German Party System|editor=Peter H. Merkl|title=The Federal Republic of Germany at Forty-Five: Union Without Unity|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ste-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|publisher=Peter Lang|year=1995|isbn=978-1-349-13520-2|pages=269}}</ref><ref name="VanOers2013">{{cite book|author=Ricky Van Oers|title=Deserving Citizenship: Citizenship Tests in Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWdUAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA263|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-9-00-425107-6|page=263}}</ref> [[Free Voters]]<ref name="Kritzinger2019">{{cite book|editor1=Sylvia Kritzinger|editor2=Carolina Plescia|editor3=SKolja Raube|editor4=James Wilhelm|editor5=Jan Wouters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vOHcDwAAQBAJ|title=Assessing the 2019 European Parliament Elections|year=2020|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=263|isbn=9781000057263 |quote=As in 2014, seven minor parties with vote shares below 5 per cent gained seats in the European Parliament, ranging from single-issue parties like the Animal Protection Party (one seat) or the Family Party (one seat) to the satirical 'Die Partei' (two seats) or the liberal-Conservative 'Free Voters'.}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Ghana}}''': [[New Patriotic Party]]
* '''{{flag|Greece}}''': [[New Democracy (Greece)|New Democracy]]<ref>{{cite book |author=José María Magone |title=The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration Into the European Union |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOj2BwVxczUC&pg=PA148 |year=2003 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-97787-0 |page=148}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Greenland}}''': [[Atassut|Feeling of Community]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Christina Bergqvist |title=Equal Democracies?: Gender and Politics in the Nordic Countries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8bfrJvsfJ8C&pg=PA319 |year=1999 |publisher=Nordic Council of Ministers |isbn=978-82-00-12799-4 |page=319}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Iceland}}''': [[Independence Party (Iceland)|Independence Party]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Agust Thor Arnason|chapter=The European Union Seen From the Top – A View of an Inside-Outsider|editor=Joakim Nergelius|title=Nordic and Other European Constitutional Traditions|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfR5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|year=2006|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-0978-6|page=34}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Ireland}}''': [[Fine Gael]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kerstin Hamann |author2=John Kelly |title=Parties, Elections, and Policy Reforms in Western Europe: Voting for Social Pacts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hXGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1980 |year=2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-94986-9 |page=1980}}</ref><ref name="MaginVigen2021">{{cite book|author1=Melanie Magin|author2=Marius G. Vigen|chapter=When Nothing Happened, but Much Changed: How Political Parties in Ireland Used Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament Election Campaign|editor1=Jörg Haßler|editor2=Melanie Magin|editor3=Uta Russmann|editor4=Vicente Fenoll|title=Campaigning on Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament Election: Informing, Interacting with, and Mobilising Voters|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2021|isbn=9783030738518|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Xs9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|page=137}}</ref> [[Fianna Fáil]]<ref name="MaginVigen2021"/>
* '''{{flag|Israel}}''': [[Likud]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Experimental Studies of Interactive Decisions|author=Amnon Rapoport|publisher=Kluwer Academic|isbn=0792306856|year=1990|page=413|quote=Likud is a liberal-conservative party that gains much of its support from the lower and middle classes, and promotes free enterprise, nationalism, and expansionism.}}</ref> [[New Hope (Israel)|New Hope]]
* '''{{flag|Italy}}''': {{Lang|it|[[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]|italic=no}},<ref>{{cite web|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2018|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/italy.html|title=Italy|work=Parties and Elections in Europe}}</ref> [[Us Moderates]]
* '''{{flag|Japan}}''': [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]]<ref name="Karan2005">{{Citation |first=Pradyumna P. |last=Karan |title=Japan in the 21st century: environment, economy, and society |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wS5kcRvShg8C&pg=PT259 |isbn=978-0813137773}}</ref><ref name="Noman2010">{{cite book|author=Omar Noman|title=Responsible Development: Vulnerable Democracies, Hunger and Inequality|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135180751|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p7eLAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT123|page=123}}</ref><ref name="Hoover2011">{{cite book |author=William D. Hoover |editor=William D. Hoover |title=Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan, First Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Exa7XoW-1n8C&pg=PA211 |year=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7539-5 |page=211}}</ref>{{efn|The LDP was described as a [[Liberalism in Japan|liberal]] or [[conservative-liberal]] party in the 1990s and prior to the 1990s, and was described as a liberal-conservative before the [[Second Abe Cabinet]], but since 2012, LDP has been controversial related to [[ultranationalism]] and [[fascism]]. (Major LDP members are linked to the far-right [[Nippon Kaigi]].)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/|title=Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis|quote=The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP's project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.|date=16 July 2019|work=eurasia review}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shinzo Abe and the long history of Japanese political violence |quote=As the French judge at the trial, Henri Bernard, noted, Japan’s wartime atrocities ‘had a principal author [Hirohito] who escaped all prosecution and of whom in any case the present defendants could only be considered accomplices.’ The result was that whereas ultranationalism became toxic in post-war Germany, in Japan neo-fascism — centred around the figure of the emperor — retained its allure and became mainstream albeit sotto voce within Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party.  |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/shinzo-abe-and-the-long-history-of-japanese-political-violence/ |agency=[[The Spectator]] |date=9 July 2022 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>}} 
* '''{{flag|Latvia}}''': [[New Unity|Unity]]<ref name="Duvold2017"/>
* '''{{flag|Lithuania}}''': [[Homeland Union]]<ref name="Bugajski2002"/>{{rp|141}}
* '''{{flag|Mexico}}''': [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Gavin |last=O'Toole |title=Politics Latin America |publisher=Pearson Education |year=2007 |page=383 |isbn=9781405821292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0A91Xz9leFMC&pg=PA383}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Morocco}}''': [[Constitutional Union (Morocco)|Constitutional Union]]<ref>{{Citation |author1=Abdo Baaklini |author2=Guilain Denoeux |first3=Robert |last3=Springborg |title=Legislative Politics in the Arab World: The Resurgence of Democratic Institutions |publisher=Lynne Riener |year=1999 |page=129}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Mongolia}}''': [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)|Democratic Party]]<ref>{{cite report |last1= Uribe Burcher |first1= Catalina |last2= Casal Bértoa |first2= Fernando |date= 15 November 2018 |title= Political Finance in Mongolia: Assessment and Recommendations |url=https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/political-finance-in-mongolia.pdf |publisher= International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance; Open Society Forum |page= 13|doi=10.31752/idea.2018.68 |access-date=22 June 2020 |isbn=978-91-7671-217-7}}
</ref>
* '''{{flag|Myanmar}}''': [[National League for Democracy]]<ref name="Yap_Redmond">{{cite conference |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321938815 |title=Challenges for the National League for Democracy in Achieving Peace and Democracy in Myanmar |author=Zappulla, Roberta|date= 2017 |publisher=Metropolitan University of Prague |via=Research gate |format=PDF |quote=The firm ideology of the NLD founds a new facet amid democratic liberalism and liberal conservatism.}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Netherlands}}''': [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Arco Timmermans |author2=Edwin van Rooyen |author3=Gerrit Voerman |chapter=Policy analysis and political party think tanks |editor1=Frans van Nispen |editor2=Peter Scholten |title=Policy analysis in the Netherlands|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6GkBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA189 |date=26 November 2014 |publisher=Policy Press |isbn=978-1-4473-1333-5 |page=189}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Liubomir K. Topaloff |title=Political Parties and Euroscepticism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPPZMBzaRGwC&pg=PA21 |year=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-00968-5 |page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=José M. Magone |title=The Statecraft of Consensus Democracies in a Turbulent World: A Comparative Study of Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzIlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112 |year=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-315-40785-2 |page=112}}</ref> [[JA21]]<ref name="NOS">{{cite web |title=Eerdmans en Nanninga doen met 'JA21' mee aan verkiezingen |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2361125-eerdmans-en-nanninga-doen-met-ja21-mee-aan-verkiezingen.html |website=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]] |access-date=20 December 2020 |language=nl |date=18 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Boersema">{{Cite news|title=''Waarom de strijd op rechts nooit een volledig rechts kabinet oplevert''|url=https://www.trouw.nl/politiek/waarom-de-strijd-op-rechts-nooit-een-volledig-rechts-kabinet-oplevert~b48ebc6e/|last=Boersema|first=Wendelmoet|date=2021-03-15}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|New Zealand}}''': [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]]<ref name="Vowles">{{cite book |first=Jack|last=Vowles |title=The New Zealand Journal of History|publisher=University of Auckland|page=225|date=1987|quote=[T]he National Party is both conservative and liberal, its liberalism containing both elements of classical and new liberalism, the implications of the latter also overlapping with elements of conservatism. Within the National Party, it is the liberals rather than the conservatives who are most self-conscious and vocal, although the conservatives most frequently seem to prevail.}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|North Macedonia}}''': [[VMRO-DPMNE]]<ref> VMRO-DPMNE (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity) | https://vmro-dpmne.org.mk/ </ref>
* '''{{flag|Norway}}''': [[Conservative Party (Norway)|Conservative Party]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tux.aftenposten.no/testdegselv/test.do?method=profiles&parameter=17|title=Valgomaten: Riksdekkende 2007|work=[[Aftenposten]]|year=2007|access-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727172955/http://tux.aftenposten.no/testdegselv/test.do?method=profiles&parameter=17|archive-date=27 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Philippines}}''': [[Partido Federal ng Pilipinas]]
* '''{{flag|Poland}}''': [[Polska 2050]], [[Trzecia Droga]]
* '''{{flag|Portugal}}''': [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic Party]]<ref>{{cite book |author=André Krouwel |title=Party Transformations in European Democracies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4DMRL66gOIC&pg=PA348 |year=2012 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-4483-3 |page=348}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Romania}}''': [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/romania.html|title=Romania|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|year=2020|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Russia}}''': [[Civic Platform (Russia)|Civic Platform]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/russia.html |title=2016 Russia legislative elections: State Duma |publisher=Parties and Elections in Europe |date=2016 |access-date=30 December 2017}}</ref> [[Party of Growth]]
* '''{{flag|Serbia}}''': [[People's Party (Serbia, 2017)|People's Party]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.narodna.org.rs/o-nama/program |title=Program Narodne stranke |publisher=Narodna Stranka}}</ref> [[Serbian Progressive Party]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Čamprag |first=Nebojša |date=2019-01-02 |title=Re-imagineering Belgrade and Skopje: urban megaprojects between politics and struggle |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09654313.2018.1545011 |journal=European Planning Studies |language=en |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1080/09654313.2018.1545011 |s2cid=158202545 |issn=0965-4313|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dérens |first=Jean-Arnault |date=2016-12-01 |title=Rewriting Balkan history |url=https://mondediplo.com/2016/12/10balkans |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Le Monde |language=en}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Slovakia}}''': [[Democrats (Slovakia)|Democrats]], [[NOVA (Slovakia)|NOVA]], [[Civic Conservative Party (Slovakia)|Civic Conservative Party]], [[For the People (Slovakia)|For the People]]
* '''{{flag|Slovenia}}''': [[Slovenian Democratic Party]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Alfio Cerami |title=Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: The Emergence of a New European Welfare Regime |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJdWwGKl2iAC&pg=PA29 |year=2006 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-9699-7 |pages=29–}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Spain}}''': [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Inmaculada Egido |title=Transforming Education: The Spanish Experience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WY4ibawhCfoC&pg=PA14 |year=2005 |publisher=Nova Publishers |isbn=978-1-59454-208-4 |page=14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Fernando Reinares |chapter=The 2004 Madrid Train Bombings |editor1=Bruce Hoffman |editor2=Fernando Reinares |title=The Evolution of the Global Terrorist Threat: From 9/11 to Osama bin Laden's Death|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cLQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |year=2014 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-53743-8 |page=32}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Sri Lanka}}''': [[United National Party]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RyAGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA247|title=Encyclopedia of World Political Systems|last1=Derbyshire|first1=J. Denis|last2=Derbyshire|first2=Ian|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2016|access-date=2023-04-13|pages=247, 249|isbn=978-0-76568-025-9}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Sweden}}''': [[Moderate Party]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Peter Viggo Jakobsen |title=Nordic Approaches to Peace Operations: A New Model in the Making? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcYNhfJvn08C&pg=PA184 |year=2006 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-38360-8 |pages=184–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Hariz Halilovich |title=Places of Pain: Forced Displacement, Popular Memory and Trans-local Identities in Bosnian War-torn Communities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VlFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA208 |year=2013 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-777-6 |page=208}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://liberati.se/liberala-partier/ | title=Liberala partier i Sveriges riksdag & deras ideologiska hållning }}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Republic of China}}''': [[Kuomintang]]<ref name="KMT-LibCon">{{cite book|editor=Martin L Lasater |title=The Changing Of The Guard: President Clinton And The Security Of Taiwan |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge}}</ref>
* ''' {{flag|Thailand}}''': [[Pheu Thai Party]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Satrusayang|first=Cod|year=2021|title=Thailand|url=https://www.thaienquirer.com/34673/opinion-same-old-pheu-thai-conservative-party-with-liberal-lipstick/ |access-date=4 January 2022|website=Thai Enquirer|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030232/https://www.thaienquirer.com/34673/opinion-same-old-pheu-thai-conservative-party-with-liberal-lipstick/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Turkey}}''': [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Ahmet Yıldız|chapter=Problematizing the Intellectual and Political Vestiges: From 'Welfare' to 'Justice and Development'|editor=Ümit Cizre|title=Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bHBQRRRodN8C&pg=PA50|date=25 March 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-15523-1|page=50}}</ref><ref name="Bora2013">{{cite book|author=Tanil Bora|chapter=Notes on the White Turks Debate|editor=Riva Kastoryano|title=Turkey Between Nationalism and Globalization|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvKE54_BVskC&pg=PA97|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-52923-5|page=97}}</ref>{{efn|The AKP was described as a liberal-conservative and conservative-liberal, but there is controversy; a study by the V-Dem Institute at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden found that the AKP is [[Illiberal democracy|illiberal]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/26/republican-party-autocratic-hungary-turkey-study-trump | title=Republicans closely resemble autocratic parties in Hungary and Turkey – study | newspaper=The Guardian | date=26 October 2020 | last1=Borger | first1=Julian }}</ref>}} [[Democrat Party (Turkey, current)|Democrat Party (current)]]
* ''' {{flag|Ukraine}}''': [[European Solidarity]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2019|title=Ukraine|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/ukraine.html|access-date=22 July 2019|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|archive-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310224946/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/ukraine.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|United Kingdom}}''': [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephen Driver|title=Understanding British Party Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_Qq6RJr6_QC&pg=PA14|year=2011|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-0-7456-4077-8|page=14}}</ref>
* ''' {{flag|Uruguay}}''': [[National Party (Uruguay)|National Party]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Martínez|first=Magdalena|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/11/22/actualidad/1574449190_174156.html|title=Luis Lacalle Pou, el peso de un apellido|date=2019-11-25|work=El País|access-date=2020-02-27|language=es|issn=1134-6582}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== Historical parties or factions ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* '''{{flag|Brazil}}''': [[Democratic Social Party]], [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Peadar |last=Kirby |title=Introduction to Latin America: Twenty-First Century Challenges |publisher=Sage |year=2003 |page=157}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Canada}}''': [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada]]
* '''{{flag|Czech Republic}}''': [[Civic Democratic Alliance]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Liberální strana |url=http://liberalove.bluefile.cz/archiv.php?co=1240492348 |website=liberalove.bluefile.cz |access-date=27 March 2017 |language=cs}}</ref> [[Freedom Union&nbsp;– Democratic Union]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Unie svobody – zoufalé hledání identity |url=http://www.witzany.cz/archiv/clanky/Potrebuje_CR_lib_str.htm |website=www.witzany.cz |access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref> [[Realists (political party)|Realists]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Politická strana Realisté po třech letech končí, rozhodli členové |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/realiste-politicka-strana-petr-robejsek-jiri-hynek.A190722_212515_domaci_knn |website=Idnes |date=22 July 2019 |access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref>

*'''{{flag|Estonia}}''': [[Res Publica Party]]<ref name="Duvold2017"/>
* '''{{flag|France}}''': [[National Centre of Independents and Peasants]], [[Union for the New Republic (France)|Union for the New Republic]], [[Independent Republicans]],<ref>{{cite book |author=David Hanley |chapter=France: Living with Instability |editor=David Broughton |title=Changing Party Systems in Western Europe|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkDNoNiBEjUC&pg=PA66 |access-date=21 August 2012 |year=1999 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-85567-328-1 |page=66}}</ref> [[Perspectives and Realities Clubs]], [[Union of Democrats for the Republic]], [[Republican Party (France)|Republican Party]], [[Rally for the Republic]], [[Union for French Democracy]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Alistair Cole |chapter=Stress, strain and stability in the French party system |editor=Jocelyn Evans |title=The French Party System|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_ojgq8HABUC&pg=PA12 |year=2003 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-6120-2 |page=12}}</ref> [[Union for a Popular Movement]]<ref>{{cite web|url-status=dead|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/france.html|title=France|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2012|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523000823/http://parties-and-elections.eu/france.html|archive-date=23 May 2015}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Germany}}''': [[Free Conservative Party]]

* '''{{flag|India}}''': [[Swatantra Party]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Swatantra Party: a political biography|year=1997|page=199|publisher=Dattsons|first=Vasanti|last=Pratapchandra Rasam}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Israel}}''': [[General Zionists]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the United States Congress|year=1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dmEuAAAAIAAJ&pg=SL1-PA5443|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=5443}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Italy}}''': {{Lang|it|[[Forza Italia]]|italic=no}},<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ruth Wodak |author2=John E. Richardson |title=Analysing Fascist Discourse: European Fascism in Talk and Text |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMIG9aJxuxAC&pg=PA43 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-89919-2 |page=43}}</ref> [[The People of Freedom]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Donatella M. Viola |editor=Donatella M. Viola |title=Routledge Handbook of European Elections |chapter=Italy|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-50363-7 |page=117}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Ilaria Riccioni |author2=Ramono Bongelli |author3=Andrzej Zuczkwoski |chapter=The communication of certainty and uncertainty in Italian political media discourses |editor=Anita Fetzer |title=The Pragmatics of Political Discourse: Explorations across cultures|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Um0dEZmhEUcC&pg=PA131 |year=2013 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-7239-3 |page=131}}</ref> [[Tyrolean Homeland Party]],<ref>{{cite book |first=Günther |last=Pallaver |year=2008 |chapter=South Tyrol's Consociational Democracy: Between Political Claim and Social Reality |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqdu4aP4kOkC&pg=PA309 |editor1=Jens Woelk |editor2=Francesco Palermo |editor3=Joseph Marko |title=Tolerance Through Law: Self Governance and Group Rights in South Tyrol |location=Leiden, The Netherlands |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |pages=309 |isbn=978-90-04-16302-7 |oclc=646789592}}</ref> [[Italian Liberal Party]]<ref name="HumphreysSteed1988">{{cite book|editor=Emil J. Kirchner|author1=Peter Humphreys|author2=Michael Steed|chapter=Identifying Liberal Parties|title=Liberal Parties in Western Europe|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtCIzAyQChQC&pg=PA408|date=3 November 1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-32394-9|pages=408–409}}</ref>

* '''{{flag|Japan}}''': [[Japan New Party]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murakami |first1=Hiroshi |author-link1=:ja:村上弘 (行政学者) |year=2009 |title=The changing party system in Japan 1993-2007: More competition and limited convergence |url=http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/law/lex/rlr26/hiroshi%20Murakami.pdf |access-date=29 April 2021 |journal=Ritsumeikan Law Review |publisher=[[Ritsumeikan University]] |volume=26 |page=30 }}</ref> [[New Party Sakigake]],<ref name="Hoover2019">{{cite book|author=William D. Hoover|editor=William D. Hoover|title= Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan, Second Edition|year=2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781538111567|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jyx1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA268|page=268}}</ref> [[Democratic Party of Japan]] (factions)<ref name="Magara2012">{{cite book|author=Hideko Magara|chapter=Divergent fate of left parties in political economic regime transitions: Italy and Japan in the 1990s|editor=Masanobu Ido|title=Varieties of Capitalism, Types of Democracy and Globalization|year=2012|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn= 978-1-136-34270-7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNTFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT182|page=182}}</ref> 
* '''{{flag|Montenegro}}''': [[Movement for Changes]]<ref name="Bakke2010"/>
* '''{{flag|New Zealand}}''': [[United Future]]<ref name="Miller2011">{{cite book|author=Caroline Miller|title=Implementing Sustainability: The New Zealand Experience|year=2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn= 978-1-136-85441-5|page=10}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Poland}}''': [[Conservative People's Party (Poland)|Conservative People's Party]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Aleks Szczerbiak |chapter=The Polish centre-right's (last?) best hope: The rise and fall of Solidarity Electoral Action |editor1=Aleks Szczerbiak |editor2=Seán Hanley |title=Centre-right Parties in Post-communist East-Central Europe|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=512cxC7eT1IC&pg=PA66 |year=2006 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-34781-5 |page=66}}</ref>

* '''{{flag|Romania}}''': [[Romanian Democratic Convention|Democratic Convention of Romania]],<ref name="Lewis2002"/> [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|Democratic Liberal Party]]<ref name="Bakke2010"/>
* '''{{flag|Serbia}}''': [[G17 Plus]]<ref name="Bakke2010"/>
* '''{{flag|Slovakia}}''': [[Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party]]<ref name="Bakke2010"/>
* '''{{flag|South Korea}}''': [[Bareunmirae Party]]<ref>{{cite web|language=ko|url=http://www.inews24.com/view/1075446|title=What about the re-establishment of the four-party system, the future political circle? |work=아이뉴스21 |date=3 February 2018|access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210611000463 |title=New conservative party sets sail ahead of April parliamentary elections |quote= After the impeachment of Park in 2016, he left the Saenuri Party and joined the minor conservative Bareun Party. He then moved to the liberal-conservative Bareunmirae Party after the Bareun Party and minor liberal People’s Party were merged. |work=[[The Korean Herald]] |date=11 June 2021}}</ref>

* '''{{flag|Spain}}''' [[Liberal-Conservative Party (Spain)|Liberal-Conservative Party]]
* '''{{flag|Turkey}}''' [[Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)|Democrat Party (historical)]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Özdalga|chapter=Reflections on the Relationship Between Imaginative Literature and Religious and National Identities|editor=Riva Kastoryano|title=Turkey Between Nationalism and Globalization|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvKE54_BVskC&pg=PA54|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-52923-5|page=54}}</ref>
{{div col end}}