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Limiter
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=== In audio production === [[Bass instrument amplifier]]s and power amplifiers are more commonly equipped with limiter circuitry to prevent overloading the power amplifier and to protect speakers. [[Electric guitar amp]]s do not usually have limiters. [[PIN diode]]s can be used in limiter circuits to reflect the energy back to the source or clip the signal.<ref>{{cite web |title=PIN Limiter Diodes in Receiver Protectors |url=http://www.skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200480C.pdf |accessdate=2015-07-28 |publisher=Skyworks}}</ref> [[Mastering engineer]]s often use limiting combined with make-up gain to increase the perceived [[loudness]] of an audio recording during the [[audio mastering]] process.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mastering Audio: the art and science |edition=3rd |author=Bob Katz |publisher=Focal Press |date=2015 |isbn=978-0-240-81896-2 |page=81}}</ref> ==== FM radio ==== An [[FM radio]] receiver usually has at least one stage of amplification that performs a limiting function. This stage provides a constant level of signal to the FM [[demodulator]] stage, reducing the effect of input signal level changes to the output. If two or more signals are received at the same time, a high-performance limiter stage can greatly reduce the effect of the weaker signals on the output. This is commonly referred to as the FM [[capture effect]]. Generally, FM demodulators are not affected by amplitude variations, since the baseband is contained in the [[frequency deviation]]s. Some detectors, including the [[Detector (radio)#Ratio detector|ratio detector]], inherently limit gain by the nature of the circuit design. In [[AM radio]], the information is located in the amplitude variations, and distortion can occur due to spurious signals that could cause the baseband to be misrepresented.
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