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Linear temporal logic
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==Equivalences== Let φ, ψ, and ρ be LTL formulas. The following tables list some of the useful equivalences that extend standard equivalences among the usual logical operators. {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | Distributivity |- | '''X''' (φ ∨ ψ) ≡ ('''X''' φ) ∨ ('''X''' ψ)|| '''X''' (φ ∧ ψ) ≡ ('''X''' φ) ∧ ('''X''' ψ) || '''X''' (φ '''U''' ψ)≡ ('''X''' φ) '''U''' ('''X''' ψ) |- | '''F''' (φ ∨ ψ) ≡ ('''F''' φ) ∨ ('''F''' ψ)|| '''G''' (φ ∧ ψ) ≡ ('''G''' φ) ∧ ('''G''' ψ) || |- | ρ '''U''' (φ ∨ ψ) ≡ (ρ '''U''' φ) ∨ (ρ '''U''' ψ)|| (φ ∧ ψ) '''U''' ρ ≡ (φ '''U''' ρ) ∧ (ψ '''U''' ρ) || |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="4" | Negation propagation |- | '''''X''' is self-dual'' || '''''F''' and '''G''' are dual'' || '''''U''' and '''R''' are dual'' || '''''W''' and '''M''' are dual'' |- | ¬'''X''' φ ≡ '''X''' ¬φ || ¬'''F''' φ ≡ '''G''' ¬φ || ¬ (φ '''U''' ψ) ≡ (¬φ '''R''' ¬ψ) || ¬ (φ '''W''' ψ) ≡ (¬φ '''M''' ¬ψ) |- | || ¬'''G''' φ ≡ '''F''' ¬φ || ¬ (φ '''R''' ψ) ≡ (¬φ '''U''' ¬ψ) || ¬ (φ '''M''' ψ) ≡ (¬φ '''W''' ¬ψ) |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | Special temporal properties |- | '''F''' φ ≡ '''F''' '''F''' φ || '''G''' φ ≡ '''G''' '''G''' φ || φ '''U''' ψ ≡ φ '''U''' (φ '''U''' ψ) |- | φ '''U''' ψ ≡ ψ ∨ ( φ ∧ '''X'''(φ '''U''' ψ) ) || φ '''W''' ψ ≡ ψ ∨ ( φ ∧ '''X'''(φ '''W''' ψ) ) || φ '''R''' ψ ≡ ψ ∧ (φ ∨ '''X'''(φ '''R''' ψ) ) |- | '''G''' φ ≡ φ ∧ '''X'''('''G''' φ) ||'''F''' φ ≡ φ ∨ '''X'''('''F''' φ) || |}
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