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Lipogram
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==Dropping letters== Another type of lipogram, which omits every instance of a letter from words that would otherwise contain it, as opposed to finding other words that do not contain the letter, was recorded by [[Willard R. Espy]] in ''181 Missing O's'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/lipogram.htm|title=Do You Know What a Lipogram is?}}</ref> based on C. C. Bombaugh's [[univocalic]] 'Incontrovertible Facts'.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E17Jzr0a6pAC&q=cc+bombaugh+no+monk%3D&pg=PT192|title=Incontrovertible Facts|isbn=978-0141003962|last1=Crystal|first1=David|year=2002|publisher=Penguin Adult }}</ref> {{poemquote| N mnk t gd t rb r cg r plt. N fl s grss t blt Sctch cllps ht. Frm Dnjn's tps n rnc rlls. Lgwd, nt Lts, flds prt's bwls. Bx tps, nt bttms, schl-bys flg fr sprt. Trps f ld tsspts, ft, t st, cnsrt. N cl mnsns blw sft n xfrd dns, rthdx, dg-trt, bk-wrm Slmns. Bld strgths f ghsts n hrrr shw. n Lndn shp-frnts n hp-blssms grw. T crcks f gld n dd lks fr fd. n sft clth ftstls n ld fx dth brd. Lng strm-tst slps frlrn, wrk n t prt. Rks d nt rst n spns, nr wd-ccks snrt, N dg n snw-drp r n cltsft rlls, Nr cmmn frg cncct lng prtcls. }} The above is also a conventional lipogram in omitting the letters A, E, I, and U. American author James Thurber wrote ''[[The Wonderful O|The W[o]nderful [O]]]'' (1957), a fairy tale in which villains ban the letter 'O' from the use by the inhabitants of the island of [Oo]r[oo]. The book ''[[Ella Minnow Pea]]'' by [[Mark Dunn]] (2001) is described as a "progressively lipogrammatic epistolary fable": the plot of the story deals with a small country that begins to outlaw the use of various letters as the tiles of each letter fall off of a statue. As each letter is outlawed within the story, it is (for the most part) no longer used in the text of the novel. It is not purely lipogrammatic, however, because the outlawed letters do appear in the text proper from time to time (the characters being penalized with banishment for their use) and when the plot requires a search for [[pangram]] sentences, all twenty-six letters are obviously in use. Also, late in the text, the author begins using letters serving as [[homophone]]s for the omitted letters (i.e., ''PH'' in place of an ''F'', ''G'' in place of ''C''), which may be considered cheating. At the beginning of each chapter, the alphabet appears along with a sentence, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog". As the letters are removed from the story, the alphabet, and sentence changes. :Chapter 1: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog". :Chapter 2: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY* "The quick brown fox jumps over the la*y dog". :Chapter 3: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP*RSTUVWXY* "The *uick brown fox jumps over the la*y dog". :Chapter 4: ABCDEFGHI*KLMNOP*RSTUVWXY* "The *uick brown fox *umps over the la*y dog". :Chapter 5: ABCDEFGHI*KLMNOP*RSTUVW*Y* "The *uick brown fo* *umps over the la*y dog".<ref>Mark Dunn, ''Ella Minnow Pea'', MP Publishing, 2010</ref>
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