Editing Llantwit Major (section)

===Roman villa===
{{Main|Llantwit Major Roman Villa}}
The [[Llantwit Major Roman Villa|Roman villa]] at Caermead ({{Coord|51.4192|-3.4989|type:landmark}}) remains as faint earthworks in a field, near the 13th-century [[parish church]] of St Illtud. The L-shaped [[courtyard]] villa was discovered in 1888. Records from 1893 suggest that one room was used as a [[praetorium]], another as a workshop; and there was a 5th-century adjoining [[sacristy]], simple in style, which featured a chancel, nave, and stone altar. Found remains included [[Brachycephaly|brachycephalic]] and [[Cephalic index|dolichocephalic]] skulls, as well as horse bones.<ref name="Fryer1893">{{cite book|last=Fryer|first=Alfred Cooper|title=Llantwit Major: a fifth century university|url=https://archive.org/details/llantwitmajoraf00fryegoog|access-date=25 January 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1893|publisher=E. Stock|pages=[https://archive.org/details/llantwitmajoraf00fryegoog/page/n113 87]–}}</ref> Fine [[mosaic]] floors are a notable feature of the villa. The [[tessera]]e included blue and crystalline limestone, green volcanic stones, brown sandstone, and red-brick cuttings, encircled with a red, white, blue and brown border. A record from 1907 described the relics as [[Samian ware]] pieces; bronze coins of [[Maximinus Thrax]], [[Victorinus]], and [[Constantius Chlorus]]; as well as roofing materials.<ref name="Morris1907">{{cite book|last=Morris|first=A.|title=Glamorgan: being an outline of its geography, history, and antiquities with maps and illustrations|url=https://archive.org/details/glamorgan00unkngoog|access-date=25 January 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1907|publisher=J.E. Southall|pages=[https://archive.org/details/glamorgan00unkngoog/page/n178 157]–}}</ref>

The site was again excavated between 1938 and 1948. It may have been first settled in the 1st century, but the first stone structure was not erected until a hundred years later. The site developed slowly and, it has been suggested, was even abandoned for a while during the 3rd century. By the 4th century, there was an L-shaped villa with a large, aisled building possibly for farm workers, and a number of smaller agricultural structures almost enclosing a central courtyard. The [[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales]] has associated collection records of the site, including drawings of other remains such as statues and a tessellated pavement, as well as documentation of a 1971 excavation. An early-medieval-period cemetery is in evidence,<ref name="peoplescollection.org.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplescollection.org.uk/Item/30337|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121225003925/http://www.peoplescollection.org.uk/Item/30337|url-status=usurped|archive-date=25 December 2012|title=Drawing of a mosaic at Caermead Roman Villa |year=2011|publisher=Casgliad y Werin Cymru, The People's Collection Wales |access-date=25 January 2012}}</ref> as are earthworks, traces of walling, a bank and a ditch. Pieces of pottery have been found.<ref name="coflein.gov.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/301356/collection/CAERMEAD+ROMAN+SITE%3BLLANTWIT+MAJOR+ROMAN+VILLA/?show=all|title=CAERMEAD ROMAN SITE;LLANTWIT MAJOR ROMAN Villa|publisher=RCAHMW|access-date=25 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222105653/http://www.coflein.gov.uk/en/site/301356/collection/CAERMEAD+ROMAN+SITE%3BLLANTWIT+MAJOR+ROMAN+VILLA/?show=all|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>