Editing Manhattan (section)

===Colonial era{{anchor|17th century}}===
{{main|New Netherland|New Amsterdam|Province of New York}}
{{multiple image
 | align     = right
 | direction = vertical
 | width     = 220
 | image1    = Stad Amsterdam in Nieuw Nederland (City Amsterdam in New Netherland) Castello Plan 1660.jpg
 | caption1  = The [[Castello Plan]], a 1660 map of New Amsterdam (the top right corner is roughly north) in [[Lower Manhattan]]
 | image2    = GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg
 | caption2  = [[New Amsterdam]], centered in what eventually became Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year [[British colonization of the Americas|England]] took control and renamed it New York
}}
In April 1524, [[Florence|Florentine]] explorer [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]], sailing in service of [[Francis I of France]], became the first documented European to visit the area that would become New York City.<ref>[https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/giovanni-da-verrazzano/ Giovanni da Verrazzano], [[Mariners' Museum and Park]]. Accessed December 24, 2023. "Verrazzano sailed onward, continuing his search for the Northwest Passage. In mid-April 1524, Verrazzano and his crew became the first known Europeans to sail into New York Bay. Once again they were greeted peacefully by the Native Americans and treated well."</ref> Verrazzano entered the [[tidal strait]] now known as [[The Narrows]] and named the land around [[Upper New York Harbor]] ''[[New Angoulême]]'', in reference to the family name of King Francis I; he sailed far enough into the harbor to sight the [[Hudson River]], and he named the ''Bay of Santa Margarita'' – what is now Upper New York Bay – after [[Marguerite de Navarre]], the elder sister of the king.<ref>R. J. Knecht: Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I; p. 372. Cambridge University Press (1996) {{ISBN|0-521-57885-X}}</ref><ref>[[Seymour I. Schwartz]]: The Mismapping of America. p. 42; The University of Rochester Press (2008) {{ISBN|978-1-58046-302-7}}</ref>

Manhattan was first mapped during a 1609 voyage of [[Henry Hudson]].<ref>{{cite book |title=New York: the World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262 |author1=Rankin, Rebecca B. |author2=Cleveland Rodgers |publisher=Harper |date=1948 }}</ref> Hudson came across Manhattan Island and the native people living there, and continued up the river that would later bear his name, the [[Hudson River]].<ref name=SciAm>[http://www.ulster.net/~hrmm/diglib/sciamer/hhudson/hhudson.htm "Henry Hudson and His Exploration"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118021253/http://www.ulster.net/~hrmm/diglib/sciamer/hhudson/hhudson.htm |date=January 18, 2012 }} ''[[Scientific American]]'', September 25, 1909. Accessed May 1, 2007. "This was a vain hope however, and the conviction must finally have come to the heart of the intrepid adventurer that once again he was foiled in his repeated quest for the northwest passage ... On the following day the ''Half Moon'' let go her anchor inside of [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]]. The week was spent in exploring the bay with a shallop, or small boat, and "they found a good entrance between two headlands" (the Narrows) "and thus entered on the 12th of September into as fine a river as can be found""</ref> Manhattan was first recorded in writing as ''Manna-hata'', in the logbook of Robert Juet, an officer on the voyage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://documents.nytimes.com/robert-juet-s-journal-of-hudson-s-1609-voyage#document/p16 |title= Juet's Journal of Hudson's 1609 Voyage, from the 1625 Edition of ''Purchas His Pilgrimes'' |work=The New York Times |date=2006 |orig-year=1625 |first=Robert |last=Juet |page= 16 |others= Translated by Brea Barthel |access-date= May 11, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160703074230/http://documents.nytimes.com/robert-juet-s-journal-of-hudson-s-1609-voyage#document/p16 |archive-date= July 3, 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

A permanent European presence in [[New Netherland]] began in 1624, with the founding of a [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] [[fur trade|fur trading]] settlement on [[Governors Island]].<ref>[https://www.govisland.com/history History], [[Governor's Island]]. Accessed December 24, 2023. "The Dutch West India Company first arrived to New Amsterdam and opted to set up camp on the small, 70-acre Island rather than brave the wilderness that lay across the water on the island that would later be known as Manhattan."</ref> In 1625, construction was started on the [[citadel]] of [[Fort Amsterdam]] on Manhattan Island, later called [[New Amsterdam]] (''Nieuw Amsterdam''), in what is now Lower Manhattan.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm Dutch Colonies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519132451/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm |date=May 19, 2010 }}, [[National Park Service]]. Accessed May 19, 2007. "Sponsored by the West India Company, 30 families arrived in North America in 1624, establishing a settlement on present-day Manhattan."</ref><ref name=Tolerance>[http://tolerancepark.org/id2.html GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824201858/http://www.tolerancepark.org/id2.html |date=August 24, 2019 }}, Tolerance Park. Accessed November 20, 2016. See Legislative Resolutions Senate No. 5476 and Assembly No. 2708.</ref> The establishment of Fort Amsterdam is recognized as the birth of New York City.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/greenbook_seal_flag.shtml City Seal and Flag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428153256/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/greenbook_seal_flag.shtml |date=April 28, 2015 }}, New York City. Accessed November 20, 2016. "Date: Beneath the horizontal laurel branch the date 1625, being the year of the establishment of New Amsterdam."</ref>
In 1647, [[Peter Stuyvesant]] was appointed as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667648/ ''Journal of New Netherland 1647. Written in the Years 1641, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1645, and 1646.''], [[Library of Congress]]. Accessed August 6, 2023. "The West India Company removed Kieft from his post in 1647 and replaced him with Peter Stuyvesant, the last director-general of New Netherland before the colony was taken over by the English in 1664."</ref> New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2, 1653.<ref>[http://council.nyc.gov/html/about/about.shtml About the Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212013515/http://council.nyc.gov/html/about/about.shtml |date=February 12, 2016 }}, [[New York City Council]]. Accessed May 18, 2007.</ref> In 1664, English forces conquered New Netherland and renamed it "New York" after the English [[James II of England|Duke of York and Albany]], the future King James II.<ref>[https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=101 New Netherlands Becomes New York], [[University of Houston]] Digital History. Accessed January 3, 2024. "In 1664, the English sent a fleet to seize New Netherlands, which surrendered without a fight. The English renamed the colony New York, after James, the Duke of York, who had received a charter to the territory from his brother King Charles II."</ref> In August 1673, the [[Reconquest of New Netherland|Dutch reconquered]] the colony, renaming it "New Orange", but permanently relinquished it back to England the following year under the terms of the [[Treaty of Westminster (1674)|Treaty of Westminster]] that ended the [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]].<ref>Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),''Exploring Historic Dutch New York''. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). {{ISBN|978-0-486-48637-6}}</ref><ref>[https://www.history101.nyc/history-of-new-york-city-1600s "History of New York City - 1600s NYC"], History 101 NYC. Accessed January 3, 2024. "1673: A pivotal moment in New York City's history when Dutch forces briefly reclaimed it during the Third Anglo-Dutch War. The city, captured by the English in 1664 and renamed New York, was temporarily dubbed New Orange in honor of William of Orange.... 1674: The Treaty of Westminster, signed in February, officially concluded the Third Anglo-Dutch War. This treaty marked a crucial turn in colonial history, transferring New York permanently to English control."</ref>