Editing Maore dialect (section)

==Orthography==

Shimaore was traditionally written with an informal [[French alphabet|French]]-based [[Latin script|Latin]] alphabet.  On {{Date|22 February 2006}}, the ''Conseil de la Culture, de l'Éducation et de l'Environnement de Mayotte'' introduced an official alphabet developed by ''Association ShiMé'' that utilizes the basic Latin alphabet without c, q, and x and adds three letters: ɓ, ɗ, and v̄.<ref>[http://shime.free.fr/linguist_04.htm Alphabet du Shimaore] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720225949/http://shime.free.fr/linguist_04.htm |date=2011-07-20}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> On {{Date|3 March 2020}}, the Conseil départemental de Mayotte announced the adoption of official orthographies in both Latin and Arabic scripts for Shimaore.<ref name="bulletin">[https://cg976.fr/ressources/raa/2020/?file=bulletinofficiel_30032020 https://cg976.fr/ressources/raa/2020/?file=bulletinofficiel_30032020] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230612191612/https://cg976.fr/ressources/raa/2020/?file=bulletinofficiel_30032020 Archive])</ref><ref name="alphabets-langues-mahoraises">[https://cg976.fr/ressources/dcp/?file=alphabets-langues-mahoraises https://cg976.fr/ressources/dcp/?file=alphabets-langues-mahoraises] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230612191930/https://cg976.fr/ressources/dcp/?file=alphabets-langues-mahoraises Archive]</ref>


===Maore Latin Alphabet=== 

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+'''Shimaore alphabet<br />''Alifuɓe ya Shimaore'''''
|-
! [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] || '''A a''' || '''B b''' || '''Ɓ ɓ'''<br />''<small>[[implosive consonant|Implosive]]</small>'' || '''D d''' || '''Ɗ ɗ'''<br />''<small>[[implosive consonant|Implosive]]</small>'' || '''E e''' || '''F f''' || '''G g''' || '''H h''' || '''I i''' || '''J j''' || '''K k''' || '''L l''' || '''M m''' || '''N n''' || '''O o''' || '''P p''' || '''R r''' || '''S s''' || '''T t''' || '''U u''' || '''V v''' || '''V̄ v̄''' || '''W w''' || '''Y y''' || '''Z z'''
|- 
| [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA Value]] || {{IPA|/a/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} || '''{{IPAslink|ɓ}}''' || {{IPA|/d/}} || '''{{IPAslink|ɗ}}''' || {{IPA|/e/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPAslink|ʒ}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/o/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/r/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPAslink|β}} || {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPAslink|j}} || {{IPA|/z/}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Digraphs/Trigraphs
![[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]]
!Dh, dh
!Dj, dj
!Dr, dr
!Dz, dz
!Mb, mb
!Mp, mp
!Nd, nd
!Ndj, ndj
!Ndr, ndr
!Ndz, ndz
!Ng, ng
!Nts, nts
!Ny, ny
!Sh, sh
!Th, th
!Tr, tr
!Ts, ts
!Tsh, tsh
|-
|[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA Value]]
|{{IPA|/ð/}}
|{{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}
|{{IPA|/ɖ/}}
|{{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|{{IPA|/mb/}}
|{{IPA|/mp/}}
|{{IPA|/ⁿd/}}
|{{IPA|/ᶮd͡ʒ/}}
|{{IPA|/ᶯɖ/}}
|{{IPA|/ⁿd͡z/}}
|{{IPA|/ᵑɡ/}}
|{{IPA|/ⁿt͡s/}}
|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|{{IPA|/θ/}}
|{{IPA|/ʈ/}}
|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
|}

===Maore Arabic Alphabet===

Maore Arabic Alphabet, officially recognized alongside Latin since 2020, consists of 35 letters, of which 27 are from the original Arabic script, and 9 are created for sounds not found in Arabic. However, many of the letters in Maore have a different pronunciation than their Arabic counterpart.

Whereas in Arabic there are 3 vowels, in Maore there are 5. While the common convention in [[Swahili Ajami]] orthography has been to use two new [[Arabic diacritics|diacritics]], which are modified varieties of two existing diacritics, in Maore Arabic alphabet, only the 3 original Arabic diacritics are used. Arabic vowels themselves represent vowels [a], [u], and [i].

The vowel [o] is created by adding a ''waw'' "و" and a [[Arabic_diacritics#Sukūn|zero-vowel diacritic (sukun)]] after the consonant.

The vowel [e] is created by adding a ''ya''' "ي" and a [[Arabic_diacritics#Sukūn|zero-vowel diacritic (sukun)]] after the consonant.

In Maore Arabic Alphabet, (similar to [[Swahili Ajami]] Script) stressed syllables are marked, either with ''alif'' "ا" (if the vowel of the syllable is [a]), ''waw'' "و" (if the vowel of the syllable is [u]), or ''ya''' "ي" (if the vowel of the syllable is [i]). These letters are written with no diacritic, not even [[Arabic_diacritics#Sukūn|zero-vowel diacritic (sukun)]]. (the existence or lack thereof of the zero-vowel diacritic is what distinguishes between [e] and a stressed [i]). This does not apply to stressed syllables containing vowels [o] or [e].

In most cases, the stressed syllable happens to be the one before last.

Whereas in Arabic, the letter [[ʿayn]] is used as a [[pharyngeal consonant]], in Maore it has a unique role of being the carrier for nasal vowels. Meaning that with the use of [[Arabic diacritics|diacritics]] (and the letter ''waw'' "و" and ''ya''' "ي" as needed), nasal vowels are written.

When non-nasal vowels are at the beginning of a word, ''alif-hamza'' "أ / إ" is used as a carrier of the appropriate diacritic (followed by the letter ''waw'' "و" and ''ya''' "ي" as needed.)

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Maore Arabic Alphabet Consonants<ref name="bulletin"/><ref name="alphabets-langues-mahoraises"/>
|-
!Letter
!Latin Equivalent
!IPA
!Example
!Latin spelling
!Meaning
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|أ، إ}}</span>
| - ||[ʔ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|سُألَ}}</span>
| suala|| question
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ب}}</span>
| Ɓ ɓ ||[ɓ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|بَهَاتِ}}</span>
| ɓahati || chance
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ٻ}}</span>
| ‌B b ||[b]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ٻِيْنْڠَانِ}}</span>
| bengani || eggplant
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|پ}}</span>
| ‌P p ||[p]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|پَارِيْ}}</span>
| parè || route
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ت}}</span>
| ‌T t ||[t]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|تِبَاكُ}}</span>
| tiɓaku || tobacco
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ث}}</span>
| ‌Th th ||[θ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ثَوَابُ}}</span>
| thawaɓu || [[Thawab|religious/spiritual reward]]
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</span>
| ‌Dj dj ||[dʒ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|جَوَابُ}}</span>
| djawabu || response, answer
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</span>
| ‌J j ||[ʒ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|چِيْچِيْ}}</span>
| jeje || "How is it going?"
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|خ}}</span>
| Kh kh ||[χ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|خَلِيفَ}}</span>
| khalifa ||  [[Khalifa|successor/ruler]]
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|د}}</span>
| D d ||[d]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|دَامُ}}</span>
| damu|| blood
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ذ}}</span>
| Dh dh ||[ð]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ذَهَابُ}}</span>
| dhahabu || gold
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ډ}}</span>
| Ɗ ɗ ||[ɗ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ډُوْمُوْ}}</span>
| ɗomo || lip
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڍ}}</span>
| Dy dy ||[ʄ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|أُڍَا}}</span>
| udya|| to eat
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ر}}</span>
| R r ||[r]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|رُوْهُوْ}}</span>
| roho || heart
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ز}}</span>
| Z z ||[z]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|زُوزِ}}</span>
| zuzi || day before yesterday
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|س}}</span>
| S s ||[s]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|سِمْٻَ}}</span>
| simba || lion
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ش}}</span>
| Sh sh || [ʃ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|شَمْٻَ}}</span>
| shamba || cultivated land
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ص}}</span>
| Sw sw ||[sw]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|صَلَا}}</span>
| swala || [[salah]]/prayer
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ض}}</span>
| Dw dw ||[dw]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ضَرُورَ}}</span>
| dwarura || urgency/emergency
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ط}}</span>
| Tw tw ||[tw]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|طَرِيكَ}}</span>
| twarika || religious brotherhood
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ظ}}</span>
| Dhw dhw ||[ðw]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ظَاهِرِ}}</span>
| dhwàhiri || visible
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|غ}}</span>
| Gh gh<Br>H h ||[ɣ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|غَالِ}}</span>
| hali || expensive
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڠ}}</span>
| G g ||[g]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڠَارِ}}</span>
| gari || car
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ف}}</span>
| F f ||[f]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|فِيجُو}}</span>
| fidjo || sound
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڤ}}</span>
| V v ||[v]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڤُوَ}}</span>
| vua || rain
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ݡ}}</span>
| Bv bv<br>V̄ v̄ ||[β]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ݡُوْلِيْݡُوْلِيْ}}</span>
| Bvolebvole || gently/softly
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ك}}</span>
| K k ||[k]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|كَامْبَا}}</span>
| kamba || lobster
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ل}}</span>
| L l ||[l]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|لِيْوُوْ}}</span>
| leo || today
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|م}}</span>
| M m ||[m]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|مَاتْرَا}}</span>
| matrà || oil
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ن}}</span>
| N n ||[n]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|نَادْزِي}}</span>
| nadzì || coconut
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڼ}}</span>
| Ny ny ||[ɲ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڼَامَ}}</span>
| nyama || meat
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|و}}</span>
| W w ||[w]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|وَاوِيْ}}</span>
| wawe || you
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ه / هـ}}</span>
| H h ||[h]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|هَازِ}}</span>
| hazi || work/function
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ي}}</span>
| Y y ||[j]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|يِيْزِ}}</span>
| yezi || power
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Maore Arabic Digraphs/Trigraphs<ref name="bulletin"/><ref name="alphabets-langues-mahoraises"/>
|-
!Letter
!Latin Equivalent
!IPA
!Example
!Latin spelling
!Meaning
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|تْر}}</span>
| Tr tr ||[tr]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|تْرَمْبُوْ}}</span>
| trambo || lie/deceit
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|تْس}}</span>
| Ts ts ||[ts]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|تْسِنْڠُوْ}}</span>
| tsingo || elbow
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|تْش}}</span>
| Tsh tsh ||[tʃ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|تْشُوْرَ}}</span>
| tshora || spear
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|دْر}}</span>
| Dr dr ||[dr]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|دْرَادْرَاكَ}}</span>
| dradraka || crab
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|دْز}}</span>
| Dz dz ||[dz]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|دْزِنْدْزَانُوْ}}</span>
| dzindzano || yellow
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|مْٻ}}</span>
| Mb mb ||[ᵐb]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|مْٻِيَ}}</span>
| mbia || grain
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|مْپ}}</span>
| Mp mp ||[ᵐp]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|مْپِيَ}}</span>
| mpia || new
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْتْس}}</span>
| Nts nts ||[nts]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|فَرَنْتْسَا}}</span>
| Farantsa || France
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْج}}</span>
| Ndj ndj ||[ᶮd͡ʒ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْجِيْمَ}}</span>
| ndjema || good/nice
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْد}}</span>
| Nd nd ||[ⁿd]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْدُوْڤُ}}</span>
| ndovu || elephant
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْدْر}}</span>
| Ndr ndr ||[ᶯɖ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْدْرَا}}</span>
| ndra || louse (lice)
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْدْز}}</span>
| Ndz ndz ||[ⁿd͡z]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْدْزَا}}</span>
| ndza || hunger
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْڠ}}</span>
| Ng ng ||[ᵑɡ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْڠُوْمَ}}</span>
| ngoma|| drum
|-
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْي}}</span>
| Ny ny ||[ɲ]
|<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|نْيَامَ}}</span>
| nyama || meat
|}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:70%;text-align:center;"
|+Vowel as first sound of word
|-
! A || E || I || O || U
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|أَ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|إِيْـ / إِيْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|إِ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|أُوْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|أُ}}</span>
|-
|‌<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|أَدَابُ}}</span><br>adabu<br>''politeness''
|‌<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|إِيْوَا}}</span><br>ewa<br>''yes''
|‌<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|إِينَا}}</span><br>ina<br>''henna''
|‌<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|أُوْكْتُوْٻْرُ}}</span><br>Oktobru<br>''October''
|‌<span style="font-size:120%;">{{Script/Arabic|أُسُبُوتُ}}</span><br>usuɓutu<br>''to defy''
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:70%;text-align:center;"
|+Simple Vowels
|-
! -a || -e || -i || -o || -u
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِيْـ / ◌ِيْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُ}}</span>
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:70%;text-align:center;"
|+Simple Vowels in a stressed syllable
|-
! -a || -e || -i || -o || -u
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َا}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِيْـ / ◌ِيْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِيـ / ◌ِي}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو}}</span>
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="table-layout:fixed;width:70%;text-align:center;"
|+Nasal Vowels
|-
! Ã -ã || Ẽ -ẽ || Ĩ -ĩ || Õ -õ || Ũ -ũ
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|عَـ / عَ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|عِيْـ / عِيْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|عِـ / عِ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|عُوْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|عُـ / عُ}}</span>
|-
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|أَنْـ / أَنْ<br>◌َانْـ / ◌َانْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|إِيْنْـ / إِيْنْ<br>◌ِيْنْـ / ◌ِيْنْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|إِنْـ / إِنْ<br>◌ِنْـ / ◌ِنْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|أُوْنْـ / أُوْنْ<br>◌ُوْنْـ / ◌ُوْنْ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic|أُنْـ / أُنْ<br>◌ُنْـ / ◌ُنْ}}</span>
|}