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Marwari language
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==Phonology== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Vowels<ref name=Kakali> {{cite thesis| first=Kakali|last=Mukherjee |year=2013 |title=Marwari |publisher=Linguistic Survey of India LSI Rajasthan|url= https://www.academia.edu/44366931}}</ref> ! ![[Front vowel|Front]] ![[Central vowel|Central]] ![[Back vowel|Back]] |- ! rowspan="2"|[[Close vowel|Close]] |{{IPA link|i}} | |colspan="2"|{{IPA link|u}} |- |{{IPA link|ɪ}} | |colspan="2"|{{IPA link|ʊ}} |- ! rowspan="2"|[[Mid vowel|Mid]] |{{IPA link|e}} |rowspan="2"|{{IPA link|ə}} |{{IPA link|o}} |- |{{IPA link|ɛ}} |{{IPA link|ɔ}} |- ! [[Open vowel|Open]] | |{{IPA link|ä}} | |} *Nasalization of vowels is phonemic, all of the vowels can be nasalized.<ref name=Kakali/> *Diphthongs are /ai, ia, ae, əi, ei, oi, ui, ua, uo/<ref name=Kakali/> {| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center |+Consonants<ref name=Kakali/> !colspan=2| ![[Labial consonant|Labial]] ![[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br />[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] ![[Post alveolar consonant|Post-alv]]/<br />[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ![[Velar consonant|Velar]] ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | {{IPA link|ɳ}} | | {{IPA link|ŋ}} | |- ! rowspan="5" |[[Plosive]]/<br />[[Affricate]] !<small>[[voiceless]]</small> | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|ʈ}} | {{IPA link|t͡ɕ}} | {{IPA link|k}} | |- ![[Aspirated consonant|<small>aspirated</small>]] | {{IPA link|pʰ}} | {{IPA link|tʰ}} | {{IPA link|ʈʰ}} | {{IPA link|t͡ɕʰ}} | {{IPA link|kʰ}} | |- ![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]] | {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|d}} | {{IPA link|ɖ}} | {{IPA link|d͡ʑ}} | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | |- ![[Breathy consonant|<small>breathy</small>]] | {{IPA link|bʱ}} | {{IPA link|dʱ}} | {{IPA link|ɖʱ}} | {{IPA link|d͡ʑʱ}} | {{IPA link|ɡʱ}} | |- ![[Implosive consonant|<small>implosive</small>]] | {{IPA link|ɓ}} | {{IPA link|ɗ}} | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Fricative]] | | {{IPA link|s}} | | | | {{IPA link|h}} |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Sonorant]] ! <small>[[Rhotic consonant|rhotic]]</small> | | {{IPA link|r}} | {{IPA link|ɽ}} | | | |- ! <small>[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]</small> |{{IPA link|w}} | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|ɭ}} |{{IPA link|j}} | | |} *Implosives are mostly only found word initially and it formed due to the influence of neighbouring languages.<ref name=Kakali/> */{{IPA link|w}}/ is [{{IPA link|ʋ}}] before front vowels and [{{IPA link|w}}] elsewhere e.g. [ʋɪwwa] 'marriage'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gusain |first1=Lakhan |title=Marwari |url=https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Indo-European/Indo-Aryan/Marwari%20%28Gusain%29.pdf}}</ref>
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