Editing Massimo d'Azeglio (section)

==Retirement==
[[File:Azeglio - Miei ricordi, 1899 - 5984882 RAV0160019 00335.tif|thumb|D'Azeglio at Museo Civico di Torino]]
For the next four years he lived modestly at Turin, devoting himself once more to art, although he also continued to take an active interest in politics. Cavour continued to consult him. In 1855 d'Azeglio was appointed director of the [[Galleria Sabauda]]. In 1859 he was given various political missions, including one to Paris and London to prepare the basis for a general congress of the powers on Italian affairs. When war between Piedmont and Austria appeared inevitable, he returned to Italy and was sent by Cavour as royal commissioner to Romagna, whence the papal troops had been expelled.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

After the [[Armistice of Villafranca]], d'Azeglio was recalled with orders to withdraw the Piedmontese garrisons, but saw the danger of allowing papal troops to reoccupy the province, and after a severe struggle left [[Bologna]] without the troops and interviewed the king. The latter approved of his action and said that his orders had not been accurately expressed; thus Romagna was saved. That same year d'Azeglio published a pamphlet in French entitled ''De la Politique et du droit chrétien au point de vue de la question italienne'', with the object of inducing [[Napoleon III]] to continue his pro-Italian policy. Early in 1860, Cavour appointed him governor of [[Milan]], evacuated by the Austrians after the [[Battle of Magenta]], a position which he held with great ability. However, disapproving of the government's policy with regard to [[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]]'s [[Expedition of the Thousand]] and regarding the occupation by Piedmont of the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] as inopportune, he resigned office.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

The deaths of his two brothers in 1862 and of Cavour in 1861 caused d'Azeglio great grief; he subsequently led a comparatively retired life, but continued to take part in politics, both as deputy and writer, his two chief subjects of interest being the Roman question and the relations of Piedmont (now the [[Kingdom of Italy]]) with Mazzini and the other revolutionaries. In his opinion Italy needed to be unified using the Franco-Piedmontese army alone, avoiding any connection with the other armies. He continued to hold that the pope should enjoy nominal sovereignty over Rome with full spiritual independence, with the capital of Italy being established elsewhere but the Romans being Italian citizens. He strongly disapproved of the [[September Convention]] of 1864 between the Italian government and the pope. The last few years of d'Azeglio's life were spent chiefly at his villa of [[Cannero Riviera|Cannero]], where he wrote his memoirs. He died of fever in Turin on 15 January 1866.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}