Editing Maternal effect (section)

=== In humans ===
In 2015, obesity theorist Edward Archer published "The Childhood Obesity Epidemic as a Result of Nongenetic Evolution: The Maternal Resources Hypothesis" and a series of works on maternal effects in human [[obesity]] and health.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Archer E | title = The childhood obesity epidemic as a result of nongenetic evolution: the maternal resources hypothesis | language = en | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 90 | issue = 1 | pages = 77–92 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25440888 | pmc = 4289440 | doi = 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.08.006 | url = http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196%252814%252900740-X/fulltext }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Archer E | title = In reply—Maternal, paternal, and societal efforts are needed to "cure" childhood obesity | language = en | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 90 | issue = 4 | pages = 555–7 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25841259 | pmc = 4527549 | doi = 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.020 | url = http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196%252815%252900121-4/fulltext }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Archer E | title = In reply--Epigenetics and Childhood Obesity | language = en | journal = Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume = 90 | issue = 5 | pages = 693–5 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25939942 | doi = 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.02.013 | url = http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196%252815%252900186-X/fulltext | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Archer |first=Edward | name-list-style = vanc |date=2015-02-28 |title=The mother of all problems|journal=New Scientist|volume=225|issue=3010|pages=32–33|doi=10.1016/S0262-4079(15)60404-3|bibcode=2015NewSc.225...32A}}</ref> In this body of work, Archer argued that accumulative maternal effects via the non-genetic evolution of matrilineal nutrient metabolism is responsible for the increased global prevalence of obesity and [[diabetes mellitus type 2]]. Archer posited that decrements in maternal metabolic control altered fetal pancreatic [[beta cell]], [[adipocyte]] (fat cell) and [[myocyte]] (muscle cell) development thereby inducing an enduring competitive advantage of adipocytes in the acquisition and sequestering on nutrient energy.