Editing McCune–Reischauer (section)

== Guide ==
This is a simplified guide for the McCune–Reischauer system.

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Hangul
|{{lang|ko|ㅏ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅐ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅑ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅒ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅓ}}||{{nowrap|{{lang|ko|ㅔ}}{{efn|{{lang|ko|에}} is romanized {{transliteration|ko|MR|ë}} after {{lang|ko|ㅏ}} and {{lang|ko|ㅗ}}. This is to distinguish {{lang|ko|ㅏ에}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|aë}}) from {{lang|ko|ㅐ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|ae}}), and {{lang|ko|ㅗ에}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|oë}}) from {{lang|ko|ㅚ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|oe}}).}}}}||{{lang|ko|ㅕ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅖ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅗ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅘ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅙ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅚ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅛ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅜ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅝ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅞ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅟ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅠ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅡ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅢ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅣ}}
|-
!Romanization
|a||ae||ya||yae||ŏ||e||yŏ||ye||o||wa||wae||oe||yo||u||wŏ||we||wi||yu||ŭ||ŭi||i
|}

=== Consonants ===
==== Word-initially and word-finally ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2"|Hangul
|{{lang|ko|ㄱ}}||{{lang|ko|ㄲ}}||{{lang|ko|ㄴ}}||{{lang|ko|ㄷ}}||{{lang|ko|ㄸ}}||{{lang|ko|ㄹ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅁ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅂ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅃ}}||{{nowrap|{{lang|ko|ㅅ}}{{efn|name=shwi|{{lang|ko|ㅅ}} is romanized {{transliteration|ko|MR|sh}} before {{lang|ko|ㅟ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|wi}}).}}}}||{{nowrap|{{lang|ko|ㅆ}}{{efn|While {{lang|ko|ㅆ}} is also used as a syllabic final (unlike {{lang|ko|ㄸ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅃ}}, and {{lang|ko|ㅉ}} which are only used as syllabic initials), it does not occur at the end of a word.}}}}||{{nowrap|{{lang|ko|ㅇ}}{{efn|name=sylInitIŭng|As a syllabic initial, {{lang|ko|ㅇ}} is not romanized, since it stands for the absence of a consonant sound in this position.}}}}||{{lang|ko|ㅈ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅉ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅊ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅋ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅌ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅍ}}||{{lang|ko|ㅎ}}
|-
! rowspan="2"|Romanization!!Word-initial
| rowspan="2"|k||kk|| rowspan="2"|n|| rowspan="2"|t||tt||r|| rowspan="2"|m|| rowspan="2"|p||pp||s||ss||—||ch||tch||ch'||k'||t'||p'||h
|-
!Word-final
|k||—||l||—||t||—||ng||t||—||t||k||t||p||t
|}
The heterogeneous consonant digraphs ({{lang|ko|ㄳ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄵ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄶ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄺ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄻ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄼ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄽ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄾ}}, {{lang|ko|ㄿ}}, {{lang|ko|ㅀ}}, and {{lang|ko|ㅄ}}) exist only as syllabic finals and are transcribed by their actual pronunciation.

==== Word-medially ====
The following table is sufficient for the transcription of most proper names.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Final consonant of the previous syllable + initial consonant of the next syllable
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || colspan="15" | Initial{{efn|Any syllabic final + syllabic initial combination with the syllabic initial {{lang|ko|ㅊ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|ch'}}), {{lang|ko|ㅋ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|k'}}), {{lang|ko|ㅌ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|t'}}), or {{lang|ko|ㅍ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|p'}}) is the same as concatenating the word-final and word-initial values above (e.g. {{lang|ko|ㄱㅊ}} is simply {{transliteration|ko|MR|kch'}}, {{lang|ko|ㅇㅍ}} is simply {{transliteration|ko|MR|ngp'}}, and so on), hence not shown in this table.}}
|-
!{{nowrap|{{lang|ko|ㅇ}}{{efn|name=sylInitIŭng}}}}<br>—!!{{lang|ko|ㄱ}}<br>k!!{{lang|ko|ㄲ}}<br>kk!!{{lang|ko|ㄴ}}<br>n!!{{lang|ko|ㄷ}}<br>t!!{{lang|ko|ㄸ}}<br>tt!!{{lang|ko|ㄹ}}<br>r!!{{lang|ko|ㅁ}}<br>m!!{{lang|ko|ㅂ}}<br>p!!{{lang|ko|ㅃ}}<br>pp!!{{nowrap|{{lang|ko|ㅅ}}{{efn|name=shwi}}}}<br>s!!{{lang|ko|ㅆ}}<br>ss!!{{lang|ko|ㅈ}}<br>ch!!{{lang|ko|ㅉ}}<br>tch!!{{lang|ko|ㅎ}}<br>h
|-
! rowspan="8"| Final || {{nowrap|(vowel){{efn|When the previous syllable ends in a vowel (e.g. {{lang|ko|아주}} is romanized {{transliteration|ko|MR|aju}}, not ''achu'').}}}}
|—||'''g'''||kk||n||'''d'''||tt||r||m||'''b'''||pp||s||ss||'''j'''||tch||h
|-
! {{lang|ko|ㄱ}} k
|'''g'''||kk||k'''k'''<!--not "kkk"-->||'''ng'''n||kt||ktt||'''ngn'''||'''ng'''m||kp||kpp||ks||kss||kch||ktch||kh
|-
! {{lang|ko|ㄴ}} n
|n||n'''{{`}}g'''||nkk||nn||n'''d'''||ntt||'''ll'''||nm||n'''b'''||npp||ns||nss||n'''j'''||ntch||nh
|-
! {{lang|ko|ㄷ}} t
|'''d'''||tk||tkk||'''n'''n||tt||t'''t'''<!--not "ttt"-->||'''nn'''||'''n'''m||tp||tpp||'''s'''s||'''ss'''<!--not "tss" or "sss"-->||tch||t'''ch'''<!--not "ttch"-->||th
|-
! {{lang|ko|ㄹ}} l
|'''r'''||l'''g'''||lkk||l'''l'''||{{nowrap|l'''d'''{{efn|In Sino-Korean words, usually ''lt''.}}}}||ltt||l'''l'''||lm||l'''b'''||lpp||ls||lss||{{nowrap|l'''j'''{{efn|In Sino-Korean words, usually ''lch''.}}}}||ltch||'''r'''h
|-
! {{lang|ko|ㅁ}} m
|m||m'''g'''||mkk||mn||m'''d'''||mtt||m'''n'''||mm||m'''b'''||mpp||ms||mss||m'''j'''||mtch||mh
|-
! {{lang|ko|ㅂ}} p
|'''b'''||pk||pkk||'''m'''n||pt||ptt||'''mn'''||'''m'''m||pp||p'''p'''<!--not "ppp"-->||ps||pss||pch||ptch||ph
|-
! {{lang|ko|ㅇ}} ng
|ng||ng'''g'''||ngkk||ngn||ng'''d'''||ngtt||ng'''n'''||ngm||ng'''b'''||ngpp||ngs||ngss||ng'''j'''||ngtch||ngh
|}

The following subsections are for cases not covered by the table above, or for cases where the result should be different from the table.

===== Any non-{{lang|ko|ㅎ}} syllabic final + syllabic initial {{lang|ko|ㅇ}} =====
In this combination, the syllabic final (except {{lang|ko|ㅇ}}, which is always {{transliteration|ko|MR|ng}}) is
# either directly transferred to the syllabic initial position of the next syllable (i.e. replacing the {{lang|ko|ㅇ}}),
#* Examples: {{lang|ko|독일}} [{{lang|ko|도길}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|To'''g'''il}}, {{lang|ko|낟알}} [{{lang|ko|나달}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|na'''d'''al}}, {{lang|ko|촬영}} [{{lang|ko|촤령}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ch'wa'''r'''yŏng}}, {{lang|ko|답안}} [{{lang|ko|다반}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ta'''b'''an}}, {{lang|ko|웃어라}} [{{lang|ko|우서라}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|u'''s'''ŏra}}, {{lang|ko|낮은}} [{{lang|ko|나즌}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|na'''j'''ŭn}}
## When the syllabic final {{lang|ko|ㄷ}} or {{lang|ko|ㅌ}} (including {{lang|ko|ㄾ}}) is followed by {{lang|ko|이}}, palatalization occurs.
##* Examples: {{lang|ko|미닫이}} [{{lang|ko|미다지}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|mida'''j'''i}}, {{lang|ko|같이}} [{{lang|ko|가치}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ka'''ch{{`}}'''i}}, {{lang|ko|훑이다}} [{{lang|ko|훌치다}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|hu'''lch{{`}}'''ida}}
## Syllabic final digraphs are split.
##* Examples: {{lang|ko|앉아}} [{{lang|ko|안자}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|a'''nj'''a}}, {{lang|ko|읊어}} [{{lang|ko|을퍼}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ŭ'''lp{{`}}'''ŏ}}
# or neutralized to one of {ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ} first, and then transferred to the syllabic initial position of the next syllable.
#* Examples: {{lang|ko|웃어른}} [{{lang|ko|욷어른}}→{{lang|ko|우더른}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|u'''d'''ŏrŭn}}, {{lang|ko|값어치}} [{{lang|ko|갑어치}}→{{lang|ko|가버치}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ka'''b'''ŏch'i}}

===== Any non-{{lang|ko|ㅎ}} syllabic final + syllabic initial {ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅈ} =====
If the syllabic initial is pronounced
* {[{{lang|ko|ㄱ}}], [{{lang|ko|ㄷ}}], [{{lang|ko|ㅂ}}], [{{lang|ko|ㅈ}}]}, they are romanized {''g'', ''d'', ''b'', ''j''}. When {{transliteration|ko|MR|g}} is preceded by {{transliteration|ko|MR|n}}, an apostrophe is added between them (i.e. {{transliteration|ko|MR|n'g}}).
* {[{{lang|ko|ㄲ}}], [{{lang|ko|ㄸ}}], [{{lang|ko|ㅃ}}], [{{lang|ko|ㅉ}}]}, they are romanized {''k'', ''t'', ''p'', ''ch''} (not {''kk'', ''tt'', ''pp'', ''tch''}).

Examples:
* {{lang|ko|대궐}} [{{lang|ko|대궐}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|tae'''g'''wŏl}} vs. {{lang|ko|태권도}} [{{lang|ko|태꿘도}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|t'ae'''k'''wŏndo}}
* {{lang|ko|전등}} [{{lang|ko|전등}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|chŏn'''d'''ŭng}} vs. {{lang|ko|손등}} [{{lang|ko|손뜽}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|son'''t'''ŭng}}
* {{lang|ko|물방아}} [{{lang|ko|물방아}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|mul'''b'''anga}} vs. {{lang|ko|물방울}} [{{lang|ko|물빵울}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|mul'''p'''angul}}
* {{lang|ko|환자}} [{{lang|ko|환자}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|hwan'''j'''a}} vs. {{lang|ko|한자}}({{lang|ko|漢字}}) [{{lang|ko|한짜}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|han'''ch'''a}}

===== Any syllabic final + syllabic initial {{lang|ko|ㅎ}} =====
Any combination with the syllabic initial {{lang|ko|ㅎ}} is transcribed based on the actual pronunciation, except when the result is [{{lang|ko|ㅋ}}], [{{lang|ko|ㅌ}}], or [{{lang|ko|ㅍ}}]; these are treated as {{lang|ko|ㄱㅎ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|kh}}), {{lang|ko|ㄷㅎ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|th}}), and {{lang|ko|ㅂㅎ}} ({{transliteration|ko|MR|ph}}) respectively.

* Examples: {{lang|ko|앉히다}} [{{lang|ko|안치다}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|a'''nch{{`}}'''ida}}, {{lang|ko|굳히다}} [{{lang|ko|구치다}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ku'''ch{{`}}'''ida}}, {{lang|ko|맞히다}} [{{lang|ko|마치다}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ma'''ch{{`}}'''ida}}
* Examples of exceptions:
** {{lang|ko|속히}} ([{{lang|ko|소키}}], but treated as [{{lang|ko|속히}}]) {{transliteration|ko|MR|so'''kh'''i}}
** {{lang|ko|못하다}} ([{{lang|ko|모타다}}], treated as [{{lang|ko|몯하다}}]) {{transliteration|ko|MR|mo'''th'''ada}}
** {{lang|ko|곱하기}} ([{{lang|ko|고파기}}], treated as [{{lang|ko|곱하기}}]) {{transliteration|ko|MR|ko'''ph'''agi}}

===== Syllabic final {{lang|ko|ㅎ}} + any syllabic initial =====
Any combination with the syllabic final {{lang|ko|ㅎ}} (including {{lang|ko|ㄶ}} and {{lang|ko|ㅀ}}) is transcribed based on the actual pronunciation.
* Examples: {{lang|ko|좋다}} [{{lang|ko|조타}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|cho'''t{{`}}'''a}}, {{lang|ko|많네}} [{{lang|ko|만네}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|ma'''n'''ne}}, {{lang|ko|끓고}} [{{lang|ko|끌코}}] {{transliteration|ko|MR|kkŭ'''lk{{`}}'''o}}

=== Personal names ===
The rules stated above are also applied in personal names, except between a surname and a given name. A surname and a given name are separated by a space, but multiple syllables within a surname or within a given name are joined without hyphens or spaces.

The original 1939 paper states the following:{{sfn|McCune|Reischauer|1939|pp=52–53}}
{{Blockquote
|text='''The Romanization of Proper Names and Titles'''

Proper names like words should not be divided into syllables, as has often been done in the past. For example, the geographic term {{lang|ko|光州}} should be romanized Kwangju. Irregularities occurring in proper names such as in P'yŏngyang {{lang|ko|平壤}} which is colloquially pronounced P'iyang or P'eyang, should usually be ignored in romanizations intended for scholarly use.

Personal names demand special consideration. As in China, the great majority of surnames are monosyllables representing a single character, while a few are two character names. The given name, which follows the surname, usually has two characters but sometimes only one. In both two character surnames and two character given names the general rules of euphonic change should be observed, and the two syllables should be written together.

The problem of the euphonic changes between a surname and given name or title is very difficult. A man known as Paek Paksa {{lang|ko|백 박사}} (Dr. Paek) might prove to have the full name of Paeng Nakchun {{lang|ko|백낙준}} because of the assimilation of the final ''k'' of his surname and the initial ''n'' of his given name. The use in romanization of both Dr. Paek and Paeng Nakchun for the same person would result in considerable confusion. Therefore it seems best for romanizations purposes to disregard euphonic changes between surnames and given names or titles, so that the above name should be romanized Paek Nakchun.

For ordinary social use our romanization often may not prove suitable for personal names. Even in scholarly work there are also a few instances of rather well-established romanizations for proper names which might be left unchanged, just as the names of some of the provinces of China still have traditional romanizations not in accord with the [[Wade–Giles]] system. There is, for example, Seoul, which some may prefer to the Sŏul of our system. Another very important example is {{lang|ko|[[Lee (Korean surname)|李]]}}, the surname of the kings of the last Korean dynasty and still a very common Korean surname. Actually it is pronounced in the standard dialect and should be romanized ''{{serif|I}}'', but some may prefer to retain the older romanization, ''Yi'', because that is already the familiar form. In any case the other romanizations of {{lang|ko|李}}, ''Ri'' and ''Li'', should not be used.
}}

The original paper also gives McCune–Reischauer romanizations for a number of other personal names:
* Footnotes on page 1: {{transliteration|ko|MR|Ch'oe Hyŏnbae}} ({{lang|ko|최현배}}), {{transliteration|ko|MR|Chŏng Insŏp}} ({{lang|ko|정인섭}}), {{transliteration|ko|MR|Kim Sŏn'gi}} ({{lang|ko|김선기}})
* Footnotes on page 4: {{transliteration|ko|MR|Ch'oe Namsŏn}} ({{lang|ko|崔南善}} ({{lang|ko|최남선}}))
* Footnotes on page 20: {{transliteration|ko|MR|Kim Yongun}} ({{lang|ko|金龍雲}} ({{lang|ko|김용운}})), {{transliteration|ko|MR|O Sejun}} ({{lang|ko|吳世𤀹}} ({{lang|ko|오세준}}))