Editing Methylphenidate (section)

=== Other medical uses ===
Methylphenidate may also be prescribed for [[off-label use]] in [[treatment-resistant depression|treatment-resistant cases]] of [[bipolar disorder]] and [[major depressive disorder]].<ref name="pmid25312027">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dell'Osso B, Dobrea C, Cremaschi L, Arici C, Altamura AC | title = Wake-promoting pharmacotherapy for psychiatric disorders | journal = Current Psychiatry Reports | volume = 16 | issue = 12 | page = 524 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25312027 | doi = 10.1007/s11920-014-0524-2 | s2cid = 26314915 }}</ref> It can also improve depression in several groups, including [[stroke]], [[cancer]], and [[HIV-positive]] patients.<ref name="pmid15079851">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leonard BE, McCartan D, White J, King DJ | title = Methylphenidate: A review of its neuropharmacological, neuropsychological, and adverse clinical effects | journal = Human Psychopharmacology | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 151–180 | date = April 2004 | pmid = 15079851 | doi = 10.1002/hup.579 | s2cid = 21173346 }}</ref> There is weak evidence in favor of methylphenidate's effectiveness for depression,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bahji A, Mesbah-Oskui L | title = Comparative efficacy and safety of stimulant-type medications for depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis | journal = Journal of Affective Disorders | volume = 292 | pages = 416–423 | date = September 2021 | pmid = 34144366 | doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.119 }}</ref> including providing additional benefit in combination with [[antidepressant]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pary R, Scarff JR, Jijakli A, Tobias C, Lippmann S | title = A Review of Psychostimulants for Adults With Depression | journal = Federal Practitioner | volume = 32 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = 30S–37S | date = April 2015 | pmid = 30766117 | pmc = 6375494 }}</ref> In individuals with [[terminal illness|terminal cancer]], methylphenidate can be used to counteract [[opioid]]-induced [[somnolence]], to increase the [[analgesic]] effects of opioids, to treat depression, and to improve cognitive function.<ref name="pmid11773187">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rozans M, Dreisbach A, Lertora JJ, Kahn MJ | title = Palliative uses of methylphenidate in patients with cancer: a review | journal = Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 335–339 | date = January 2002 | pmid = 11773187 | doi = 10.1200/JCO.20.1.335 }}</ref> A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis found that all studies on geriatric depression reported positive results of methylphenidate use; the review recommended short-term use in combination with [[citalopram]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith KR, Kahlon CH, Brown JN, Britt RB | title = Methylphenidate use in geriatric depression: A systematic review | journal = International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry | volume = 36 | issue = 9 | pages = 1304–1312 | date = September 2021 | pmid = 33829530 | doi = 10.1002/gps.5536 | s2cid = 233184870 }}</ref> A 2018 review found low-quality evidence supporting its use to treat apathy as seen in [[Alzheimer's disease]], in addition to slight benefits for cognition and cognitive performance.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ruthirakuhan MT, Herrmann N, Abraham EH, Chan S, Lanctôt KL | title = Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | page = CD012197 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29727467 | pmc = 6494556 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD012197.pub2 }}</ref>