Editing Millennium Development Goals (section)

==Goals==
[[File:Millennium Development Goals, UN Headquarters, New York City, New York - 20080501.jpg|thumb|A poster at the [[United Nations Headquarters]] in [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], United States, showing the Millennium Development Goals]]

The MDGs were developed out of several commitments set forth in the [[Millennium Declaration]], signed in September 2000. There are eight goals with 21 targets,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml |title=United Nations Millennium Development Goals |publisher=Un.org |date=20 May 2008 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref> and a series of measurable [[health indicators]] and [[economic indicators]] for each target.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org |title=Tracking the Millennium Development Goals |publisher=Mdg Monitor |date=16 May 2011 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/MDGsOfficialList2008.pdf |title=List of goals, targets, and indicators|publisher=Siteresources.worldbank.org|access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

===Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger===
* Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/stream/asset/;jsessionid=aMgXw9lbMbH4?asset_id=2620072 |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415101051/http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/stream/asset/;jsessionid=aMgXw9lbMbH4?asset_id=2620072 |archive-date=15 April 2013  }}</ref>
* Target 1B: Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and Young People
* Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal1.cfm |title=Goal :: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger |publisher=Mdg Monitor |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

===Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education===
* Target 2A: By 2015, all children can complete a full course of [[Primary education|Primary education/primary schooling]], girls and boys<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal2.cfm |title=Goal :: Achieve Universal Primary Education |publisher=Mdg Monitor |date=15 May 2011 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>
MDG 2 focused on primary education and emphasizes enrollment and completion. In some countries, primary enrollment increased at the expense of achievement levels. In some cases, the emphasis on primary education has negatively affected secondary and post-secondary education.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Waage |first=Jeff |display-authors=etal |date=18 September 2010 |title=The Millennium Development Goals: a cross-sectoral analysis and principles for goal setting after 2015 |url= |journal=The Lancet |volume=376 |issue=9745 |pages=991–1023 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61196-8 |pmc=7159303 |pmid=20833426}}{{registration required}}</ref>

===Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women===
* Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal3.cfm |title=Goal :: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women |publisher=Mdg Monitor |date=30 April 2011 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

===Goal 4: Reduce child mortality rates===
* Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal4.cfm |title=Goal :: Reduce Child Mortality  |publisher=Mdg Monitor |date=16 May 2011 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>
Achieving the MDGs does not depend on economic growth alone. In the case of MDG&nbsp;4, developing countries such as [[Bangladesh]] have shown that it is possible to reduce child mortality with only modest growth with inexpensive yet effective interventions, such as [[measles]] immunization.<ref>[http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/blogs/2010/08/addressing-the-inequalities-in-child-survival/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902084512/http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/blogs/2010/08/addressing-the-inequalities-in-child-survival/|date=2 September 2010}}</ref> Still, government expenditure in many countries is not enough to meet the agreed spending targets.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Feasibility of Financing Sectoral Development Targets |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/6325.pdf/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005041627/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/6325.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2012 |access-date=6 February 2014}}</ref> 

===Goal 5: Improve maternal health===
* Target 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the [[maternal mortality ratio]]
* Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to [[reproductive health]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal5.cfm |title=Goal :: Improve Maternal Health |publisher=Mdg Monitor |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

===Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases===
* Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]
* Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
* Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of [[malaria]] and other major diseases<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal6.cfm |title=Goal :: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases |publisher=MDG Monitor |access-date= 18 October 2012}}</ref>
Research on [[Health system|health systems]] suggests that a "one size fits all" model will not sufficiently respond to the individual healthcare profiles of developing countries; however, a study found a common set of constraints in scaling up international health, including the lack of absorptive capacity, weak health systems, human resource limitations, and high costs. The study argued that the emphasis on coverage obscures the measures required for expanding health care. These measures include political, organizational, and functional dimensions of scaling up, and the need to nurture local organizations.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Subramanian |first=Savitha |author2=Joseph Naimoli |author3=Toru Matsubayashi |author4=David Peters |year=2011 |title=Do We Have the Right Models for Scaling Up Health Services to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals? |journal=BMC Health Services Research |volume=11 |issue=336 |pages=336 |doi=10.1186/1472-6963-11-336 |pmc=3260120 |pmid=22168915 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability===
* Target 7A: Integrate the principles of [[sustainable development]] into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources
* Target 7B: Reduce [[biodiversity loss]], achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss
* Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to [[WASH|safe drinking water and basic sanitation]]
* Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal7.cfm |title=Goal :: Ensure Environmental Sustainability |publisher=Mdg Monitor |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

===Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development===
* Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system
* Target 8B: Address the Special Needs of the [[Least developed country|Least Developed Countries]] (LDCs)
* Target 8C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States
* Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
* Target 8E: In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries
* Target 8F: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially [[information and communications technology|information and communications]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal8.cfm |title=Goal :: Develop a Global Partnership for Development |publisher=Mdg Monitor |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>
MDG&nbsp;8 uniquely focused on donor achievements, rather than development successes. The ''[[Commitment to Development Index]]'', published annually by the [[Center for Global Development]] in Washington, D.C., is considered the best numerical indicator for MDG&nbsp;8.<ref>{{cite web |title=Human Development Report 2003 |url=http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/hdr03_complete.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327102527/http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/hdr03_complete.pdf |archive-date=Mar 27, 2015 |access-date=6 February 2014 |website=The Millennium Project |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> It is a more comprehensive measure of donor progress than official development assistance, as it takes into account policies on a number of indicators that affect developing countries such as trade, migration and investment.