Editing Mirror test (section)

===Perception===
It may be of limited value when applied to species that primarily use senses other than vision.<ref name="coren" /><ref name="bekoff" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=Johanna |title=Owned, An Ethological Jurisprudence of Property: From the Cave to the Commons |date=6 December 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-02720-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZ7BDwAAQBAJ&dq=Mirror+test+senses+other+than+vision&pg=PT155 |language=en}}</ref> Humans have been determined by [[biologist]]s to have some of the best eyesight amongst animals, exceeding the overwhelming majority in daylight settings, though a few species have better.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Renner |first=Ben |date=2019-01-09 |title=Which species, including humans, has the sharpest vision? Study debunks old beliefs |url=https://studyfinds.org/which-species-greatest-vision-study-debunks-old-beleifs/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Study Finds |language=en-US}}</ref> By contrast, dogs for example mainly use [[Sense of smell|smell]] and [[hearing]]; vision is used third. This may be why dogs fail the MSR test. With this in mind, biologist [[Marc Bekoff]] developed a scent-based paradigm using [[dog urine]] to test self-recognition in canines.<ref name="archer" /><ref name="coren" /> He tested his own dog, but his results were inconclusive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coren|first=Stanley|date=7 July 2011|title=Does My Dog Recognize Himself in a Mirror?|url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/canine-corner/201107/does-my-dog-recognize-himself-in-mirror|work=[[Psychology Today]]}}</ref> Dog cognition researcher [[Alexandra Horowitz]] formalized Bekoff's idea in a controlled experiment, first reported in 2016<ref name="Horowitz">{{Cite book|last=Horowitz|first=Alexandra|title=Being a dog : following the dog into a world of smell|date=2016|publisher=Scribner|isbn=9781476795997|location=New York|oclc=955777362}}</ref> and published in 2017.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Horowitz|first=Alexandra|date=2017|title=Smelling themselves: Dogs investigate their own odors longer when modified in an "olfactory mirror" test|journal=Behavioural Processes|volume=143C|pages=17–24|doi=10.1016/j.beproc.2017.08.001|pmid=28797909|s2cid=4929863}}</ref> She compared the dogs' behavior when examining their own and others' odors, and also when examining their own odor with an added smell "mark" analogous to the visual mark in MSR tests. These subjects not only discriminated their own odor from that of other dogs, as Bekoff had found, but also spent more time investigating their own odor "image" when it was modified, as subjects who pass the MSR test do.<ref name="the atlantic">{{cite web|date=17 August 2017|title=Can Dogs Smell Their 'Reflections'?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/08/can-dogs-smell-their-reflections/537219/|access-date=4 July 2018|website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A 2016 study suggested an ethological approach, the "Sniff test of self-recognition (STSR)" which did not shed light on different ways of checking for self-recognition.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cazzolla Gatti|first=Roberto|date=2016|title=Self-consciousness: beyond the looking-glass and what dogs found there|journal=Ethology Ecology & Evolution|volume=28|issue=2|pages=232–240|doi=10.1080/03949370.2015.1102777|s2cid=217507938}}</ref> Dogs also show self-awareness in the size and movement of their bodies.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Gamillo |first2=Elizabeth |title=Dogs May Be More Self-Aware Than Experts Thought |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/canines-may-have-more-self-awareness-how-their-paws-take-space-180977081/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Garter snakes, a relatively social snake species, have also passed an odor based "mirror" test.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Freiburger |first1=Troy |last2=Miller |first2=Noam |last3=Skinner |first3=Morgan |date=2024-04-10 |title=Olfactory self-recognition in two species of snake |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=291 |issue=2020 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2024.0125 |issn=0962-8452 |pmc=10987230 |pmid=38565155}}</ref>