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===Conceptual model=== [[File:AtmosphericModelSchematic.png|thumb|300px|right|Weather models use [[differential equations]] based on the laws of [[physics]], and a coordinate system which divides the planet into a 3D grid.]] A [[conceptual model]] is a theoretical representation of a system, e.g. a [[Numerical weather prediction|set of mathematical equations]] attempting to describe the workings of the atmosphere for the purpose of weather forecasting.<ref name="MetOffice">{{Citation |author= |title=Forecast models |publisher=Met Office |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/defence-and-security/models |postscript=.}}</ref> It consists of [[concept]]s used to help understand or [[simulation|simulate]] a subject the model represents. Abstract or [[conceptual model]]s are central to [[philosophy of science]],<ref name="MWCD">{{Citation |author=Merriam-Webster |title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster |url=http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/collegiate/ |postscript=.}}</ref><ref name="Geosciences">{{cite journal |last1=Tatomir |first1=A. |last2=McDermott |first2=C. |last3=Bensabat |first3=J. |last4=Class |first4=H. |last5=Edlmann |first5=K. |last6=Taherdangkoo |first6=R. |last7=Sauter |first7=M. |display-authors= 1 |year=2018 |title=Conceptual model development using a generic Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) database for assessing the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater aquifers |journal=Advances in Geosciences |volume=45 |pages=185β192 |doi=10.5194/adgeo-45-185-2018 |bibcode=2018AdG....45..185T |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11820/b83437b4-6791-4c4c-8f45-744a116c6ead |hdl-access=free }}</ref> as almost every [[scientific theory]] effectively embeds some kind of model of the [[universe|physical]] or [[human condition|human sphere]]. In some sense, a physical model "is always the reification of some conceptual model; the conceptual model is conceived ahead as the blueprint of the physical one", which is then constructed as conceived.<ref>Ibrahim A. Halloun, ''Modeling Theory in Science Education'' (2007), p. 36.</ref> Thus, the term refers to models that are formed after a conceptualization or generalization process.<ref name="MWCD">{{Citation |author=Merriam-Webster |title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster |url=http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/collegiate/ |postscript=.}}</ref><ref name="Geosciences"/>
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