Editing Model minority (section)

====Statistics====
There has been a significant change in the perceptions of Asian Americans. In as little as 100 years of American history, [[stereotypes of East Asians in the United States|stereotypes of East Asian Americans]] have changed from them being viewed as poor uneducated laborers to being portrayed as a hard-working, well-educated, and [[Upper middle class|upper-middle-class]] minority.<ref>[http://www-mcnair.berkeley.edu/97journal/Chu.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103051626/http://www-mcnair.berkeley.edu/97journal/Chu.html|date=November 3, 2005}}</ref> Proponents of the model minority model erroneously assumed that Asian Americans' perseverance, strong work ethic, and general determination to succeed were extensions of their supposedly quiet natures, rather than common characteristics among most immigrants.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Women of Color and Feminism|last=Rojas|first=Maythee|year=2009|isbn=978-1-58005-272-6|location=Berkeley, CA|pages=53}}</ref> Among [[Indian Americans]], an example of the model minority stereotype are phenomena such as the high rates of educational attainment and above average household incomes in the Indian American community. Pointing to generalized data, another argument for the model minority stereotype is generalized data such as from the [[United States Census Bureau]], where the median household income of Asian Americans is {{US$|68,780|link=yes|long=no}}, higher than that of the total population ($50,221).<ref name="median income1">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-reg=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201:012;ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201PR:012;ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201T:012;ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:012&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format= |title=American FactFinder |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |access-date=2013-08-19 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212043610/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-reg=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201:012;ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201PR:012;ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201T:012;ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:012&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format= |archive-date=2020-02-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although some Asian American subgroups including East Asians and South Asians are economically successful, other Asian American subgroups such as Southeast Asian Americans which include Hmong, Laotians, Cambodians, and Vietnamese, are less socioeconomically successful.<ref name="wang">{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/10/20/asian-americans-speak-out-against-a-decades-old-model-minority-myth/ | title=Asian Americans speak out against a decades-old 'model minority' myth | newspaper=Washington Post | date=20 October 2015 | access-date=18 May 2016 | author=Wang, Yanan}}</ref> Asian Americans have developed the greatest income inequality gap in comparison to major racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. The economic gap in the standard of living between higher- and lower-income Asians nearly doubled; the ratio of income earned by Asians at the 90th percentile to income earned by Asians at the 10th percentile increased from 6.1 to 10.7 between 1970 and 2016, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-12|title=Income Inequality in the U.S. Is Rising Most Rapidly Among Asians|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/07/12/income-inequality-in-the-u-s-is-rising-most-rapidly-among-asians/|access-date=2021-03-29|website=Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project|language=en-US}}</ref>

The model minority model also points to the percentage of Asian Americans at elite universities.<ref>[http://www.diverseeducation.com/AsianAmericanBaccalaureate2007.asp] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213154833/http://www.diverseeducation.com/AsianAmericanBaccalaureate2007.asp|date=February 13, 2012}}</ref> Model minority proponents claim that while Asian Americans are only 5% of the U.S. population, they are over-represented at all these schools. Additionally, Asian Americans go on to win a high proportion of [[Nobel Prize]]s.<ref name="theamericanconservative.com">Chougule Pratik, [http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/will-american-science-stay-on-top/ "Will American Science Stay On Top?"], ''The American Conservative''</ref> Of the 20 American physicists to win a Nobel Prize in the 21st century, East Asian Americans, who represent less than 4% of the U.S. population, have won 15% of prizes.<ref name="theamericanconservative.com" /> Additionally, three science Nobel prizes have been won by Indian-Americans.<ref name="theamericanconservative.com" /> Asian American students are concentrated in a very small percentage of institutions, in only eight states (and half concentrated in California, New York and Texas).<ref name="aapi">{{cite report |year=2008|title=Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Facts, not Fiction: Setting the Record Straight|publisher=National Commission on Asian American and Pacific Islander Research in Education, College Board|url=http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/08-0608-AAPI.pdf}}</ref> Moreover, as more Asian Americans become Americanized and assimilated, more Asian American students are beginning to attend two-year [[community college]]s (363,798 in 2000) than four-year [[public university|public universities]] (354,564 in 2000), and this trend of attending community college is accelerating.<ref name="aapi" /> [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] [[academic institution]]s are amongst those that have the highest concentrations of Asian Americans.

The most highly educated group of Asian immigrants are Taiwanese.<ref name=":0" /> Education rates of Southeast Asians are low, but these numbers can be considered misleading, as a large percent comes from adult immigrants who came to the United States without any college education due to war. For ages 25 to 34, 45% of [[Vietnamese Americans]] have a [[bachelor's degree]] or higher compared to 39% of [[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic Whites]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/mdat |title=MDAT (U.S. Census Bureau) |publisher=census.gov |access-date=2015-02-24}}</ref>

Due to the impacts of the model minority stereotype, unlike other [[minority-serving institution]]s, [[Asian Pacific American|Asian American Pacific Islander]]-serving institutions (AAPISI) did not receive federal recognition until 2007, with the passage of the ''College Cost Reduction and Access Act'', which federally recognized the existence of AAPISIs, making them eligible for federal funding and designation as minority serving institutions.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chen|first=Edith Wen-Chu|title=Encyclopedia of Asian American Issues Today|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|volume=1|page=177|isbn=978-0-313-34751-1}}</ref> According to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s 2003 report ''[[Crime in the United States]]'', Asian Americans have the lowest total arrest rates<ref>[https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_03/pdf/03sec4.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050417115544/https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_03/pdf/03sec4.pdf|date=April 17, 2005}}</ref> despite a younger average age, and high family stability.<ref>[http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/wew/articles/03/bakesale.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305071416/http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/wew/articles/03/bakesale.html|date=March 5, 2005}}</ref>

{|
|'''Bachelor's Degree or Higher<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2017-08-02}}</ref>'''
|'''Personal Income'''<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
 {| style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" class="wikitable sortable"
!Ethnicity or nationality
!Percent of Population
|-
|[[Taiwanese American|Taiwanese]]
| style="text-align:right;" |74.1%
|-
|[[Korean American|Korean]]
| style="text-align:right;" |72.8%
|-
|[[Indian American|Indian]]
| style="text-align:right;" |67.9%
|-
|[[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]]
| style="text-align:right;" |64.9%
|-
|[[Russian Americans|Russian]]
| style="text-align:right;" |60.4%<ref name="American FactFinder">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sri Lankan Americans|Sri Lankan]]
| style="text-align:right;" |59.0%
|-
|[[American Jews|Jewish]]
| style="text-align:right;" |59.0%
|-
|[[Iranian American|Iranian]]
| style="text-align:right;" |57.2%
|-
|'''British'''
|style="text-align:right;" |'''56.6%'''
|-
|[[Pakistani]]
|style="text-align:right;" |53.0%
|-
|[[Chinese American|Chinese]]
| style="text-align:right;" |53.0%
|-
|[[Filipino American|Filipino]]
| style="text-align:right;" |47.9%
|-
|[[Japanese American|Japanese]]
| style="text-align:right;" |43.7%
|-
|[[Bangladeshi American|Bangladeshi]]
| style="text-align:right;" |41.9%
|-
|[[Armenian American|Armenian]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Constructing Identities, Perceiving Lives: Armenian High School Students' Perceptions of Identity and Education|last=Samkian|first=Artineh|year=2007|isbn=978-0-549-48257-4|page=102}}</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |41.0%
|-
|[[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]]
|style="text-align:right;" |26.1%
|-
|[[Hmong American|Hmong]]
|style="text-align:right;" |16.0%
|-
|[[Cambodian American|Cambodian]]
|style="text-align:right;" |14.6%
|-
|[[Laotian American|Laotian]]
|style="text-align:right;" |13.0%
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Ethnicity
!Personal Income ($)
|-
|'''British'''
|'''49,202'''
|-
|Indian
|44,098
|-
|Japanese
|43,132
|-
|Lebanese
|38,971
|-
|Sri Lankan 
|37,363
|-
|Chinese
|34,835
|-
|Korean
|31,790
|-
|Filipino
|31,289
|-
|Arab
|28,854
|-
|Thai
|27,276
|-
|Pakistani
|26,739
|-
|Vietnamese
|24,624
|-
|Lao
|21,479
|-
|Cambodian
|20,182
|-
|Afghan
|18,516
|-
|Bangladeshi
|18,027
|-
|Hmong
|12,923
|-
|Somali
|7,856
|}
{|
|-
|
|}

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