Editing Modernization theory (section)

== Modernization and globalization ==
[[Globalization]] can be defined as the integration of economic, political and social cultures. It is argued that globalization is related to the spreading of modernization across borders.

Global trade has grown continuously since the European discovery of new continents in the [[early modern period]]; it increased particularly as a result of the [[Industrial Revolution]] and the mid-20th century adoption of the [[intermodal container]].

Annual trans-border tourist arrivals rose to 456 million by 1990 and almost tripled since, reaching a total of over 1.2 billion in 2016.<ref>(Knowles, 1994: FT, 7 January 1997: V11)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.unwto.org/press-release/2017-01-17/sustained-growth-international-tourism-despite-challenges|title=Sustained growth in international tourism despite challenges {{!}} World Tourism Organization UNWTO|website=www2.unwto.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142600/http://www2.unwto.org/press-release/2017-01-17/sustained-growth-international-tourism-despite-challenges|archive-date=2018-06-12}}</ref> Communication is another major area that has grown due to modernization. Communication industries have enabled capitalism to spread throughout the world. Telephony, television broadcasts, news services and online service providers have played a crucial part in globalization. Former U.S. president [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] was a supporter of the modernization theory and believed that television had potential to provide educational tools in development.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lindo-Fuentes|first=Héctor|date=2009|title=Educational Television in El Salvador and Modernisation Theory|jstor=27744205|journal=Journal of Latin American Studies|volume=41|issue=4|pages=757–92|doi=10.1017/S0022216X09990587|doi-access=free}}</ref>

With the many apparent positive attributes to globalization there are also negative consequences. The dominant, neoliberal model of globalization often increases disparities between a society's rich and its poor.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/feminism-globalization/|title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|last1=Parekh|first1=Serena|last2=Wilcox|first2=Shelley|chapter=Feminist Perspectives on Globalization |date=2014|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Winter 2014}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} In major cities of developing countries there exist pockets where technologies of the modernised world, [[computers]], cell phones and satellite television, exist alongside stark poverty. Globalists are globalization modernization theorists and argue that globalization is positive for everyone, as its benefits must eventually extend to all members of society, including vulnerable groups such as women and children.