Editing Moors (section)

===Modern meanings===
In medieval [[Romance languages]], variations of the [[Latin]] word for the Moors (for instance, [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''moro'', [[French language|French]]: ''maure'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''mouro'', [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''maur'') developed different applications and connotations. The term initially denoted a specific Berber people in western [[ancient Libya|Libya]], but the name acquired more general meaning during the medieval period, associated with "[[Muslim]]", similar to associations with "[[Saracen]]s". During the context of the [[Crusades]] and the [[Reconquista]], the term Moors included the derogatory suggestion of "infidels".

Apart from these historic associations and context, ''Moor'' and ''Moorish'' designate a specific ethnic group speaking [[Hassaniya Arabic]]. They inhabit [[Mauritania]] and parts of [[Algeria]], [[Western Sahara]], [[Tunisia]], [[Morocco]], [[Niger]], and [[Mali]]. In Niger and Mali, these peoples are also known as the [[Azawagh Arabs]], after the [[Azawagh]] region of the Sahara.<ref>For an introduction to the culture of the Azawagh Arabs, see Rebecca Popenoe, ''Feeding Desire — Fatness, Beauty and Sexuality among a Saharan People''. Routledge, London (2003) {{ISBN|0-415-28096-6}}</ref>

The [[Diccionario de la lengua española|authoritative dictionary of the Spanish language]] does not list any derogatory meaning for the word ''moro'', a term generally referring to people of [[Maghreb]]ian origin in particular or Muslims in general.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dle.rae.es/|title="Diccionario de la lengua española" – Edición del Tricentenario|first=RAE-|last=ASALE|website=«Diccionario de la lengua española» – Edición del Tricentenario}}</ref> Some authors have pointed out that in modern colloquial Spanish use of the term ''moro'' is derogatory for [[Moroccans]] in particular<ref>{{cite book|last=Simms|first=Karl|title=Translating Sensitive Texts: Linguistic Aspects|year=1997|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-0260-9|page=144|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4y7EHgCn8kC&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Warwick Armstrong|first=James Anderson|title=Geopolitics of European Union enlargement: the fortress empire|year=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-33939-1|page=83|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pmkrY29qkIC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wessendorf|first=Susanne|title=The Multiculturalism Backlash: European Discourses, Policies and Practices|year=2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-55649-1|page=171|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUaHVimJkT0C}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Tariq|last1=Modood|author1-link=Tariq Modood|first2=Anna|last2=Triandafyllidou|first3=Ricard|last3=Zapata-Barrero|author3-link=Ricard Zapata-Barrero|title=Multiculturalism, Muslims and citizenship: a European approach|year=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-35515-5|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7OAAV5eEmy4C}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bekers|first=Elisabeth|title=Transcultural Modernities: Narrating Africa in Europe|year=2009|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-2538-7|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4_on188WJwC}}</ref> and [[Muslim]]s in general.

In the [[Philippines]], a [[Spanish East Indies|former Spanish colony]], many modern [[Filipinos]] call the large, [[Islam in the Philippines|local Muslim minority]] concentrated in [[Mindanao]] and other southern islands ''[[Moro people|Moros]]''. The word is a catch-all term, as ''Moro'' may come from several distinct [[ethnic groups in the Philippines|ethno-linguistic groups]] such as the [[Maranao people]]. The term was introduced by Spanish colonisers, and has since been appropriated by Filipino Muslims as an [[endonym]], with many self-identifying as members of the ''Bangsamoro'' "Moro Nation".

''[[wikt:moreno|Moreno]]'' can mean "dark-skinned" in Spain, Portugal, Brazil, and the Philippines. Also in Spanish, ''morapio'' is a humorous name for "wine", especially that which has not been "baptized" or mixed with water, i.e., pure unadulterated wine. Among Spanish speakers, ''moro'' came to have a broader meaning, applied to both Filipino Moros from Mindanao, and the [[morisco]]s of [[Granada]]. ''Moro'' refers to all things dark, as in "Moor", ''moreno'', etc. It was also used as a nickname; for instance, the [[Milan]]ese Duke [[Ludovico Sforza]] was called ''Il Moro'' because of his dark complexion.<ref>[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/lodovico-sforza/ Lodovico Sforza], in:  Thomas Gale,  Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2005–2006</ref>
[[File:Filà Marraqueix.jpg|thumb|''[[Moros y Cristianos]]'' festival in [[Oliva]].]]

In Portugal, ''mouro'' (feminine,'' moura'') may refer to supernatural beings known as [[Enchanted Moura|enchanted ''moura'']], where "Moor" implies "alien" and "non-Christian". These beings were siren-like fairies with golden or reddish hair and a fair face. They were believed to have magical properties.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QA4vXSPmO3EC&dq=moura+encantada+rubios&pg=PA16 Xosé Manuel González Reboredo, ''Leyendas Gallegas de Tradición Oral'' (Galician Legends of the Oral Tradition)], Galicia: Editorial Galaxia, 2004, p. 18, Googlebooks, accessed 12 Jul 2010 {{in lang|es}}</ref> From this root, the name moor is applied to unbaptized children, meaning not Christian.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uQ88AAAAIAAJ&q=PORTUGAL:+A+BOOK+OF+FOLK-WAYS Rodney Gallop, ''Portugal: A Book of Folkways''], Cambridge University Press (CUP), 1936; reprint CUP Archives, 1961, Googlebooks, accessed 12 Jul 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.csarmento.uminho.pt/docs/ndat/rg/RG100_11.pdf Francisco Martins Sarmento, "A Mourama"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314022725/http://www.csarmento.uminho.pt/docs/ndat/rg/RG100_11.pdf |date=2012-03-14}}, in ''Revista de Guimaraes'', No. 100, 1990, Centro de Estudos de Património, Universidade do Minho, accessed 12 Jul 2010 {{in lang|pt}}</ref> In [[Basque language|Basque]], ''[[mairu]]'' means moor and also refers to a mythical people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.euskadi.net/morris/resultado.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104134318/http://www1.euskadi.net/morris/resultado.asp|url-status=dead|title=Morris Student Plus|archive-date=November 4, 2014|website=www1.euskadi.net}}</ref>

Muslims located in [[South Asia]] were distinguished by the Portuguese historians into two groups: Mouros da Terra ("Moors of the Land") and the Mouros da Arabia/Mouros de Meca ("Moors from Arabia/Mecca" or "Paradesi Muslims").<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DZciX6WxgUC&q=sanjay+subrahmanyam+%22mappila%22|title=The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History|last=Subrahmanyam|first=Sanjay|date=2012-04-30|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470672914|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Subrahmanyam2">Subrahmanyam, Sanjay."The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500-1650" Cambridge University Press, (2002)</ref> The Mouros da Terra were either descendants of any native convert (mostly from any of the former lower or untouchable castes) to Islam or descendants of a marriage alliance between a Middle Eastern individual and an Indian woman.

Within the context of [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colonization]], in [[Sri Lanka]] ([[Portuguese Ceylon]]), Muslims of Arab origin are called ''Ceylon Moors'', not to be confused with "Indian Moors" of Sri Lanka (see [[Sri Lankan Moors]]). Sri Lankan Moors (a combination of "Ceylon Moors" and "Indian Moors") make up 12% of the population. The Ceylon Moors (unlike the Indian Moors) are descendants of Arab traders who settled there in the mid-6th century. When the Portuguese arrived in the early 16th century, they labelled all the Muslims in the island as Moors as they saw some of them resembling the Moors in North Africa. The Sri Lankan government continues to identify the Muslims in Sri Lanka as "Sri Lankan Moors", sub-categorised into "Ceylon Moors" and "Indian Moors".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/muslims/moors.htm|title=WWW Virtual Library:&nbsp; From where did the Moors come?|website=www.lankalibrary.com}}</ref>

The [[Goan Muslims]]—a minority community who follow [[Islam]] in the western [[India]]n coastal state of [[Goa]]—are commonly referred as ''Moir'' ({{langx|knn|मैर}}) by [[Goan Catholics]] and [[Hindu]]s.{{Ref label|a|a|none}} ''Moir'' is derived from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word ''mouro'' ("Moor").