Editing Motion of no confidence (section)

===Canada===
In [[Canada]], a vote of no confidence is a motion that the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] (federal) or [[legislative assembly]] (provincial) no longer has confidence in the incumbent government.<ref name=conven2>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/About/Compendium/ParliamentaryFramework/c_d_confidenceconvention-e.htm|title=The Confidence Convention|publisher=Parliament of Canada|year=2017 |work=House of Commons Procedure and Practice |access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> A no-confidence motion may be directed against only the incumbent government, with confidence motions against the [[Official Opposition (Canada)|Official Opposition]] being inadmissible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/MarleauMontpetit/DocumentViewer.aspx?Language=E&Sec=Ch15&Seq=2 |series= House of Commons Procedure and Practice |publisher=Parliament of Canada|access-date=4 September 2019|year=2000 |work=Special Debates|title=Address in reply to the Speech from the Throne}}</ref> Originating as a [[constitutional convention (political custom)|constitutional convention]],<ref name=conven2/> it remains an uncodified practice which is not outlined in any standing orders for the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]].<ref name=confcon>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/marleaumontpetit/DocumentViewer.aspx?Language=E&Sec=Ch02&Seq=3 |series= House of Commons Procedure and Practice |title=The Confidence Convention|publisher=Parliament of Canada|year=2000 |work=Parliaments and Ministries|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>

In the House of Commons, a member of parliament may introduce a motion that explicitly states the House has no confidence in the incumbent government.<ref name=confcon/> In addition to explicit motions of no confidence, several other motions and bills are also considered implicit motions of confidence, and a vote of no confidence may be asserted automatically if such a bill fails to pass. Bills and motions that are considered implicit motions of confidence include appropriations or [[supply bill]]s, motions concerning budgetary policy, and the Address in Reply to the [[Speech from the Throne]].<ref name=glob>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3568037/vote-of-no-confidence-canada/|title=Taking down the government, how a confidence vote works in Canada|work=Global News|access-date=4 September 2019|first=Katie|last=Dangerfield|date=30 June 2017|publisher=Corus Entertainment Inc.}}</ref> The government may also declare any bill or motion to be a question of confidence.<ref name=confcon/> Although the failure to pass those bills and motions can serve as an implicit expression of a vote of no confidence, the opposition is not required to formally present this failure as a motion of no-confidence against the government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/newsblogs/politics/inside-politics-blog/2012/06/feeling-confident-about-the-budget-vote.html|title=Feeling confidence about the budget vote?|date=11 July 2012|access-date=6 September 2019|work=CBC News|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|last=McGregor|first=Janyce}}</ref>

If a vote of no confidence passes, the prime minister is required to either resign or request the [[Governor General of Canada|governor-general]] to dissolve parliament and call a [[general election]].<ref name=conven2/> The governor-general may refuse a request for dissolution if an election has recently been held or there is another leader who can likely gain the confidence of the House. If a dissolution request is refused, the prime minister must resign, and the governor-general invites the leader of another coalition/party to form a new government.<ref name=conven2/> Six motions of no confidence have been passed in the House of Commons: in 1926, 1963, 1974, 1979, 2005, and 2011.<ref name=glob/> All successful votes of no confidence in the 20th century were the result of a [[loss of supply]]; votes of no confidence in 2005 and 2011 were the result of explicit confidence motions presented by the opposition.

In 1968, the standing orders respecting supply were amended to limit opposition to two confidence motions on a given [[opposition day]] in each of the three supply periods.<ref>Journals, December 20, 1968, pp. 554, 556–7; Standing Order 56(9) of 1969</ref> This provision was repealed in June 1985.<ref name="Journals, June 27, 1985, pp. 910–9">Journals, June 27, 1985, pp. 910–9</ref>

In 1984, a proposal was made to consider the election of [[Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)|speaker]] to not be a matter of confidence.<ref name="Journals, June 27, 1985, pp. 910–9"/> This was passed in 1985 and is now part of the standing orders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/procedure/standing-orders/Chap1-e.html|title=Standing Orders – Chapter 1}}</ref>

The confidence convention is also present in the provincial legislatures of Canada, operating much like their federal counterpart. However, the decision to dissolve the legislature and call an election or to see if another coalition/party can form a government is left to the provincial [[lieutenant governor (Canada)|lieutenant-governor]].<ref name=glob/>

Two Canadian territories, the [[Northwest Territories]] and [[Nunavut]], operate as a [[consensus government]] system in which the premier is chosen by the members of the nonpartisan legislature. If a vote of no confidence against the incumbent government passes, the premier and the cabinet are removed from office, and the legislature elects a new premier.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/backbench-mlas-threaten-to-vote-out-n-w-t-premier-cabinet-1.807913 |title=Backbench MLAs threaten to vote out N.W.T. Premier, cabinet |access-date=6 February 2009 |archive-date=5 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205083914/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/north/story/2009/02/04/nwt-leg.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In a consensus government, confidence motions may be directed against any individual ministers holding office as they are also nominated by members of the legislature.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/glen-abernethy-wally-schumann-non-confidence-motion-1.4885951|title=N.W.T.'s Health, Infrastructure ministers survive non-confidence votes|work=CBC News|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=31 October 2018|access-date=4 September 2019}}</ref>