Editing Muhammad al-Bukhari (section)

=== ''Mihna'', later years and death ===
{{Main|Mihna}}
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| quote =  “The Qur'an is God’s speech, uncreated, and the acts of men are created."
| author = Al-Bukhari<ref>Brown, Jonathan (2007). "Three: The Genesis of al-Bukhārī and Muslim". The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 80. {{ISBN|978-90-04-15839-9}}.</ref>
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}}According to [[Jonathan A. C. Brown|Jonathan Brown]], following Ibn Hanbal, Al-Bukhari had reportedly declared that 'reciting the [[Quran]] is an element of createdness’. Through this assertion, Al-Bukhari had sought an alternative response to the doctrines of [[Muʿtazila|Mu'tazilites]] and declared that the element of creation is applied only to humans, not the Word of God. His statements were received negatively by prominent [[hadith scholars|''hadith'' scholars]] and he was driven out of [[Nishapur]].<ref name="rashidi">Wahab, Muhammad Rashidi, and Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar.

"The Level of Imam al-Ash'ari's Thought in Aqidah." International Journal of Islamic Thought 3 (2013), p58-70:

"Because of that, al-Bukhari in most matters related to the question of aqidah is said to take the opinion of Ibn Kullab and al-Karabisi (al-'Asqalani 2001: 1/293)"</ref><ref name="azmi">Azmi, Ahmad Sanusi. "Ahl al-Hadith Methodologies on Qur'anic Discourses in the Ninth Century: A Comparative Analysis of Ibn Hanbal and al-Bukhari." Online Journal of Research in Islamic Studies 4.1 (2017): 17-26. "Supporting his master, Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241/855), al-Bukhari is reported to declare that ‘reciting the Qur’an is an element of createdness’. This statement presumably proclaimed by al-Bukhari as an explanatory assertion intended to provide an alternative source of thought or reasoning for Muslims. Instead of accepting the doctrine of the Mu’tazilites (the group that champions the concept of the creation of the Qur’an), al-Bukhari appears to suggest that the element of creation is only applied to humans, not to the words of God, namely the Qur’an. The statement did, however, receive a negative response from the Muslim community, including some prominent scholars (especially Hanbalites)."</ref><ref name="drove">Melchert, Christopher. "The Piety of the Hadith folk." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34.3 (2002): 425-439. "Hadith folk in Baghdad warned those of Nishapur against the famous traditionist Bukhari, whom they then drove from the city for suggesting one's pronunciation of the Qur'an was created"</ref> Al-Bukhari, however, had only referred to the human action of reading the Qur’an, when he reportedly stated "My recitation of the Quran is created''"'' ({{Langx|ar|لفظي بالقرآن مخلوق|translit=Lafẓī bil-Qur'āni Makhlūq}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=al-Lalaka'i |first=Abi al-Qāsim |title=Sharh Usul I'tiqād Ahl as-Sunnah wa al-Jamā'ah |publisher=Dar al-Hadith |volume=2 |location=[[Cairo]] |pages=396 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Jonathan |title=The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-15839-9 |location=Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands |pages=80 |chapter=Three: The Genesis of al-Bukhārī and Muslim}}</ref> [[Al-Dhahabi]] and al-Subki asserted that Al-Bukhari was expelled due to the jealousy of certain scholars of Nishapur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanusi Azmi |first=Ahmad |date=April 2017 |title=Ahl al-Hadith Methodologies on Qur'anic Discourses in the Ninth Century: A Comparative Analysis of Ibn Hanbal and al-Bukhari |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318273198 |journal=Online Journal Research in Islamic Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=23 |quote=" At the crux of the disagreement regarding the meaning of apparently ambiguous terms of ‘lafz al-Qur’an’ (word of the Qur’an), in which al-Bukhari was reported to have uttered ‘lafzi bi al-Qur’an makhluq’ (my recitation of the Qur’an is created), where he is actually referring to the human action of reading the Qur’an, he was immediately at risk... . Al-Dhahabi and al-Subki related that it is due to the jealousy of some scholars of Naisabur (Nishapur).." |via=Research Gate}}</ref> Al-Bukhari spent the last twenty-four years of his life teaching the ''hadith'' he had collected. During the ''mihna'', he fled to Khartank, a village near [[Samarkand]], where he then also died on Friday, 1 September 870.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Khair2006">{{cite book |author=Tabish Khair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fcIvtBPnYL8C&q=qilghan&pg=PA393 |title=Other Routes: 1500 Years of African and Asian Travel Writing |publisher=Signal Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-904955-11-5 |pages=393– |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708142436/https://books.google.com/books?id=fcIvtBPnYL8C&q=qilghan&pg=PA393 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Today his tomb lies within the Imam Bukhari Mausoleum<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pasha |first=Muhammad Ali |date=2023-02-28 |title=Mausoleum of Imam Bukhari, Samarkand |url=https://thegulfobserver.com/mausoleum-of-imam-bukhari-samarkand/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=The Gulf Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> in Hartang, [[Uzbekistan]], 25 kilometers from [[Samarkand]]. It was restored in 1998 after centuries of neglect and dilapidation. The mausoleum complex consists of Al-Bukhari's tomb, a [[mosque]], a [[madrasa]], library, and a small collection of Qurans. The modern ground-level mausoleum tombstone of Al-Bukhari is only a cenotaph, the actual grave lies within a small [[crypt]] below the structure.<ref name="madainproject">{{cite web |title=Tomb of Imam al-Bukhari |url=https://madainproject.com/tomb_of_imam_al_bukhari |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512125631/https://madainproject.com/tomb_of_imam_al_bukhari |archive-date=12 May 2019 |access-date=12 May 2019 |website=Madain Project}}</ref>