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Muscle dysmorphia
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===Sociopsychological traits=== Low [[self-esteem]] is associated with higher levels of body dissatisfaction and of muscle dysmorphia.<ref name="Grieve07">Grieve FG (2007), "A conceptual model of factors contributing to the development of muscle dysmorphia", ''Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention'' '''15'''(1):63β80.</ref> [[Narcissistic personality disorder#Subtypes|Vulnerable narcissism]] has also been linked to heightened muscle dysmorphia risk.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dolan |first=Eric W. |date=2023-05-07 |title=Poor relationship with one's father associated with heightened muscle dysmorphia symptoms via vulnerable narcissism |url=https://www.psypost.org/2023/05/poor-relationship-with-ones-father-associated-with-heightened-muscle-dysmorphia-symptoms-via-vulnerable-narcissism-81496 |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=PsyPost |language=en-US}}</ref> Increased body size or muscularity may seem to enhance the masculine identity.<ref name="Tod16"/>
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