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Musket Wars
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==Conflicts and consequences== The violence brought devastation for many tribes, with some wiped out as the vanquished were killed or enslaved, and tribal boundaries were completely redrawn as large swathes of territory were conquered and evacuated. Those changes greatly complicated later dealings with European settlers wishing to gain land. Between 1821 and 1823 Hongi Hika attacked Ngāti Pāoa in Auckland, [[Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)|Ngāti Maru]] in [[Thames, New Zealand|Thames]], Waikato tribes at Matakitaki, and [[Te Arawa]] at [[Lake Rotorua]], heavily defeating them all. In 1825 he gained a major military victory over Ngāti Whātua at [[Kaipara Harbour|Kaipara]] north of Auckland, then pursued survivors into Waikato territory to gain revenge for Ngāpuhi's 1807 defeat. Ngāpuhi chiefs [[Pōmare I (Ngāpuhi)|Pōmare]] and Te Wera Hauraki also led attacks on the East Coast, and in Hawke's Bay and the Bay of Plenty. Ngāpuhi's involvement in the musket wars began to recede in the early 1830s.<ref name="basil" /> Waikato tribes expelled [[Ngāti Toa]] chief [[Te Rauparaha]] from [[Kāwhia Harbour|Kāwhia]] in 1821, defeated Ngāti Kahungunu at Napier in 1824 and invaded Taranaki in 1826, forcing a number of tribal groups to migrate south. Waikato launched another major incursion into Taranaki in 1831–32.<ref name="basil" /> [[File:Te Rauparaha in naval uniform, pencil and watercolour by unknown after William Bambridge.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Te Rauparaha in European-style military dress, 1847. ]] Te Rauparaha, meanwhile, had moved first to Taranaki and then to the [[Kāpiti Coast District|Kāpiti coast]] and [[Kapiti Island]], which Ngāti Toa chief [[Te Pēhi Kupe]] captured from the Muaupoko people. About 1827 Te Rauparaha began leading raids into the north of the South Island; by 1830 he had expanded his territory to include [[Kaikōura]] and [[Akaroa]] and much of the rest of the South Island.<ref name="basil" /> The final South Island battles took place in Southland in 1836–37 between forces of [[Ngāi Tahu]] leader [[Tūhawaiki]] and those of Ngāti Tama chief Te Puoho, who had followed a route from [[Golden Bay / Mohua|Golden Bay]] down the West Coast and across the [[Southern Alps (New Zealand)|Southern Alps]]. === Chatham Islands === {{Main|Moriori genocide|Ngāti Mutunga–Ngāti Tama conflict}} In 1835 Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama hijacked a ship to take them to the [[Chatham Islands]] where they slaughtered about 10 percent of the [[Moriori people]] and enslaved the survivors, before waging war among themselves.<ref name="basil" /> ===Te Ihupuku Pā=== The final conflict of the Musket Wars occurred in 1845. A [[Ngāti Tūwharetoa]] war party was stopped en route to an attack on the [[Ngā Rauru]] [[Waitōtara|Te Ihupuku Pā]] in South Taranaki by British and church officials. The Anglican [[Bishop of New Zealand]] and a Major managed to talk both sides out of fighting. Ngāti Tūwharetoa fired the final shots of the Musket Wars symbolically into the air before returning to Taupō.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/programmes/the-aotearoa-history-show/story/2018853965/season-2-ep-8-the-musket-wars|publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]]|title=Season 2 Ep 8: The Musket Wars|date=17 August 2022 }}</ref>
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