Editing Network theory (section)

===Social network analysis===
[[File:Social Network Analysis Visualization.png|thumb|right|Visualization of social network analysis<ref>{{Cite journal | volume = 10| issue = 3| vauthors = Grandjean M | title = La connaissance est un réseau| journal =Les Cahiers du Numérique| access-date = 2014-10-15| date = 2014| pages = 37–54| url = http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=LCN_103_0037| doi=10.3166/lcn.10.3.37-54}}</ref>]]'''[[Social network analysis]]''' examines the structure of relationships between social entities.<ref>[[Wasserman, Stanley]] and Katherine Faust. 1994. ''Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rainie, Lee and [[Barry Wellman]], ''Networked: The New Social Operating System.'' Cambridge, MA: [[MIT]] Press, 2012.
</ref> These entities are often persons, but may also be [[Group (sociology)|groups]], [[organizations]], [[nation states]], [[web sites]], or [[scientometrics|scholarly publications]].

Since the 1970s, the empirical study of networks has played a central role in social science, and many of the [[Mathematics|mathematical]] and [[Statistics|statistical]] tools used for studying networks have been first developed in [[sociology]].<ref name="Newman">Newman, M.E.J. ''Networks: An Introduction.'' Oxford University Press. 2010</ref>  Amongst many other applications, social network analysis has been used to understand the [[diffusion of innovations]], news and rumors.<ref name="Al-Taie">{{cite book | vauthors = Al-Taie MZ, Kadry S |chapter=Information Diffusion in Social Networks |title=Python for Graph and Network Analysis |series=Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing |date=2017 |pages=165–184  |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-53004-8_8 |pmc=7123536 |isbn=978-3-319-53003-1 }}</ref>  Similarly, it has been used to examine the spread of both [[epidemiology|diseases]] and [[Medical sociology|health-related behaviors]].<ref name="Luke">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luke DA, Harris JK | title = Network analysis in public health: history, methods, and applications | journal = Annual Review of Public Health | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–93 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17222078 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144132 | doi-access = free }}</ref>  It has also been applied to the [[Economic sociology|study of markets]], where it has been used to examine the role of trust in [[Social exchange|exchange relationships]] and of social mechanisms in setting prices.<ref name="Odabaş">{{cite journal | vauthors = Odabaş M, Holt TJ, Breiger RL |title=Markets as Governance Environments for Organizations at the Edge of Illegality: Insights From Social Network Analysis |journal=American Behavioral Scientist |date=October 2017 |volume=61 |issue=11 |pages=1267–1288 |doi=10.1177/0002764217734266 |hdl=10150/631238 |s2cid=158776581 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>  It has been used to study recruitment into [[political movement]]s, armed groups, and other social organizations.<ref name="Larson">{{cite journal | vauthors = Larson JM |title=Networks of Conflict and Cooperation |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |date=11 May 2021 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=89–107 |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102523 |doi-access=free }}</ref>   It has also been used to conceptualize scientific disagreements<ref name="Leng">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leng RI | title = A network analysis of the propagation of evidence regarding the effectiveness of fat-controlled diets in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD): Selective citation in reviews | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 13 | issue = 5 | pages = e0197716 | date = 24 May 2018 | pmid = 29795624 | pmc = 5968408 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0197716 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2018PLoSO..1397716L }}</ref> as well as academic prestige.<ref name="Burris">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burris V |title=The Academic Caste System: Prestige Hierarchies in PhD Exchange Networks |journal=American Sociological Review |date=April 2004 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=239–264 |doi=10.1177/000312240406900205 |s2cid=143724478 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000312240406900205 |access-date=22 September 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref>  More recently, network analysis (and its close cousin [[traffic analysis]]) has gained a significant use in military intelligence,<ref name="Roberts">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roberts N, Everton SF |title= Strategies for Combating Dark Networks |journal=Journal of Social Structure |volume=12 |url=https://www.cmu.edu/joss/content/articles/volume12/RobertsEverton.pdf |access-date=22 September 2021}}</ref> for uncovering insurgent networks of both hierarchical and [[leaderless resistance|leaderless]] nature.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}