Editing Neuroscience (section)

===Neural circuits and systems===
{{main|Neural circuit|Systems neuroscience}}[[File:Leg Neural Network.jpg|thumb|Proposed organization of motor-semantic neural circuits for action language comprehension. Adapted from Shebani et al. (2013).]]

[[Systems neuroscience]] research centers on the structural and functional architecture of the developing human brain, and the functions of [[large-scale brain network]]s, or functionally-connected systems within e brain. Alongside brain development, systems neuroscience also focuses on how the structure and function of the brain enables or restricts the processing of sensory information, using learned [[mental model]]s of the world, to motivate behavior.

Questions in systems neuroscience include how [[neural circuit]]s are formed and used anatomically and physiologically to produce functions such as [[reflex]]es, [[multisensory integration]], [[motor coordination]], [[circadian rhythm]]s, [[emotion|emotional responses]], [[learning]], and [[memory]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tau |first1=Gregory Z |last2=Peterson |first2=Bradley S |title=Normal Development of Brain Circuits |journal=Neuropsychopharmacology |date=January 2010 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=147–168 |doi=10.1038/npp.2009.115|pmid=19794405 |pmc=3055433 }}</ref> In other words, this area of research studies how connections are made and morphed in the brain, and the effect it has on human sensation, movement, attention, inhibitory control, decision-making, reasoning, memory formation, reward, and emotion regulation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Menon |first1=Vinod |title=Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |date=October 2011 |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=483–506 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003 |pmid=21908230 |s2cid=26653572 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003 |access-date=8 August 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Specific areas of interest for the field include observations of how the structure of neural circuits effect skill acquisition, how specialized regions of the brain develop and change ([[neuroplasticity]]), and the development of brain atlases, or wiring diagrams of individual developing brains.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Menon |first1=Vinod |editor1-last=Hopkins |editor1-first=Brian |editor2-last=Barr |editor2-first=Ronald G. |title=Cambridge Encyclopedia of Child Development |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |edition=2nd |url=https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6NDYwODM4 |access-date=25 September 2023 |chapter=Systems neuroscience}}</ref>

The related fields of [[neuroethology]] and [[neuropsychology]] address the question of how neural substrates underlie specific [[Ethology|animal]] and [[human behavior|human]] behaviors.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Craighead |editor1-first=W. Edward |editor2-last=Nemeroff |editor2-first=Charles B. |editor2-link=Charles Nemeroff |title=The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science |date=2004 |publisher=Wiley |url=https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6MTY2ODQ3OA==. |access-date=25 September 2023 |chapter=Neuroethology}}</ref> [[Neuroendocrinology]] and [[psychoneuroimmunology]] examine interactions between the nervous system and the [[endocrinology|endocrine]] and [[immunology|immune]] systems, respectively.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Solberg Nes |first1=Lise |last2=Segerstrom |first2=Suzanne C. |author2-link=Suzanne Segerstrom |editor1-last=Spielberger |editor1-first=Charles Donald |title=Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology |publisher=Elsevier Science & Technology |edition=1st |url=https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6MjkzOTIxMQ== |access-date=25 September 2023 |chapter=Psychoneuroimmunology}}</ref> Despite many advancements, the way that networks of neurons perform complex [[cognition|cognitive processe]]s and behaviors is still poorly understood.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaczmarek |first1=Leonard K |last2=Nadel |first2=L. |title=Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science |date=2005 |publisher=Wiley |edition=1st |url=https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6Mjg2NjA0 |access-date=25 September 2023 |chapter=Neuron Doctrine}}</ref>