Editing Neurotechnology (section)

===Transcranial magnetic stimulation===
{{Main|Transcranial magnetic stimulation|Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy}}

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for applying magnetic fields to the brain to manipulate electrical activity at specific loci in the brain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wassermann EM | title = Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996 | journal = Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology | volume = 108 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–16 | date = January 1998 | pmid = 9474057 | doi = 10.1016/S0168-5597(97)00096-8 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1259909 }}</ref> This field of study is currently receiving a large amount of attention due to the potential benefits that could come out of better understanding this technology.<ref name="Illes2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Illes J, Gallo M, Kirschen MP | title = An ethics perspective on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and human neuromodulation | journal = Behavioural Neurology | volume = 17 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 149–57 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17148834 | pmc = 5471539 | doi = 10.1155/2006/791072 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Transcranial magnetic movement of particles in the brain shows promise for drug targeting and delivery as studies have demonstrated this to be noninvasive on brain physiology.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ramaswamy B, Kulkarni SD, Villar PS, Smith RS, Eberly C, Araneda RC, Depireux DA, Shapiro B | display-authors = 6 | title = Movement of magnetic nanoparticles in brain tissue: mechanisms and impact on normal neuronal function | journal = Nanomedicine | volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 1821–9 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26115639 | pmc = 4586396 | doi = 10.1016/j.nano.2015.06.003 }}</ref>

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a relatively new method of studying how the brain functions and is used in many research labs focused on behavioral disorders, [[epilepsy]], [[PTSD]], [[migraine]], hallucinations, and other disorders.<ref name="Illes2006" /> Currently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is being researched to see if positive behavioral effects of TMS can be made more permanent. Some techniques combine TMS and another scanning method such as EEG to get additional information about brain activity such as cortical response.<ref name="Veniero2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Veniero D, Bortoletto M, Miniussi C | title = TMS-EEG co-registration: on TMS-induced artifact | journal = Clinical Neurophysiology | volume = 120 | issue = 7 | pages = 1392–9 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19535291 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.04.023 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 4496573 | hdl = 11572/145615 }}</ref>