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===Indigenous population=== {{euromericas}} The first trading partners of the [[New Netherlander]]s were the [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquins]] who lived in the area.<ref>[http://www.lowensteyn.com/iroquois/ Lowensteyn]. Lowensteyn (November 3, 2006). Retrieved on 2013-07-23.</ref> The Dutch depended on the native nations to capture, skin, and deliver pelts to them, especially beaver. It is likely that Hudson's peaceful contact with the [[Mahican]]s encouraged them to establish [[Fort Nassau (North River)|Fort Nassau]] in 1614, the first of many garrisoned trading stations. In 1628, the [[Mohawk nation|Mohawk]]s (members of the [[Iroquois|Iroquois Confederacy]]) conquered the Mahicans, who retreated to Connecticut. The Mohawks gained a near-monopoly in the fur trade with the Dutch, as they controlled the upstate [[Adirondack Mountains|Adirondacks]] and [[Mohawk Valley]] through the center of New York.<ref name="ruttenber910746">{{Cite book | edition = 3rd | publisher = Hope Farm Press | isbn = 0-910746-98-2 | last = Ruttenber | first = E.M. | title = Indian Tribes of Hudson's River | year = 2001 }}</ref> The Algonquin [[Lenape]] population around [[New York Bay]] and along the lower [[Hudson River]] were seasonally migrational people. The Dutch called the numerous band collectively the River Indians,<ref name="ruttenber910746"/><ref>{{cite web | title = Dutch Colonization | work = Kingston: A national register of historic places travel itinerary | url = http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm}} </ref> known the exonyms associated with place names as the [[Wecquaesgeek]], [[Hackensack (Native Americans)|Hackensacks]], [[Raritan (Native Americans)|Raritans]], [[Canarsee]], and [[Tappan (Native Americans)|Tappans]]. These groups had the most frequent contact with the New Netherlanders. The Munsee inhabited the [[New York-New Jersey Highlands|Highlands]], Hudson Valley, and [[Skylands region|northern New Jersey]],<ref name="ruttenber910746"/> while the [[Susquehannock]]s lived west of the [[Delaware River]] along the Susquehanna River, which the Dutch regarded as their boundary with Virginia. Company policy required land to be purchased from the Indians. The Dutch West India Company would offer a land patent, and the recipient would be responsible for negotiating a deal with representatives of the local tribes, usually the ''sachem'' or high chief. The Indians referred to the Dutch colonists as ''Swannekins'', or ''salt water people''; they had vastly different conceptions of ownership and use of land than the colonists did, and difficulties sometimes arose concerning the expectations on both sides.<ref name="ruttenber910746"/> The colonists thought that their proffer of gifts in the form of ''[[sewant]]'' or manufactured goods was a trade agreement and defense alliance, which gave them exclusive rights to farming, hunting, and fishing. Often, the Indians did not vacate the property or reappeared seasonally according to their migration patterns. They were willing to share the land with the colonists, but the Indians did not intend to leave or give up access. This misunderstanding and other differences led to violent conflict later. At the same time, such differences marked the beginnings of a multicultural society.<ref name="Shorto">{{cite book |title=The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America |last=Shorto |first=Russell |author-link=Russell Shorto |year=2004 |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=1-4000-7867-9 }}{{page?|date=October 2024}}</ref>
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